05 APR 2017 1104 MIX Flashcards
what drugs increase the risk of milk alkali syndrome?
- thiazide diuretics
- ACE inhibitors / ARBs
- NSAIDs
what is the metabolic derangement in milk alkali syndrome?
metabolic alkalosis
what is the parathyroid hormone level in milk alkali syndrome?
low / suppressed
- macrocytic anemia
- low reticulocyte count
- congenital anomalies
- congenital anomalies (short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, shielded chest, triphalangeal thumbs)
diamond blackfan anemia (congenital hypoplastic anemia)
how is the macrocytic anemia of diamond blackfan anemia different from megaloblastic anemia?
in diamond blackfan anemia there is no hypersegmentation of nuclei
- eczema
- thrombocytopenia
- hypogammaglobulinemia
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
what is the average age of onset for fanconi anemia?
8
- cafe au lait spots
- microcephaly
- microphthalmia
- short stature
- horseshoe kidneys
- absent thumbs
fanconi anemia
what is the inheritance of myotonic muscular dystrophy?
autosomal dominant
what is the clinical presentation of myotonic muscular dystrophy? (onset, clinical presentation, comorbidities)
- onset: 12-30
- presentation: facial weakness, hand grip weakness / myotonia, dysphagia
- comorbidities: arrhythmias, cataracts, balding, testicular atrophy / infertility
- facial weaknes
- hand grip myotonia / weakness
- dysphagia
- cardiac conduction abnormalities / arrhythmias / heart failure
- cataracts
- balding
- testicular atrophy / infertility
myotonic muscular dystrophy
during which sleep phase do sleep terrors occur?
nonrapid eye movement
what are the quad screen results in down syndrome?
- MSAFP: low
- BhCG: high
- estriol: low
- inhibin A: high
what are the quad screen results in trisomy 18?
- MSAFP: low
- BhCG: low
- estriol: low
- inhibin: normal
what are the quad screen results in neural tube or abdominal wall defects?
- MSAFP: HIGH
- BhCG: normal
- estriol: normal
- inhibin: normal
placenta accreta occurs when uterine villi attach directly to the ___________ instead of the _____________
- myometrium
- decidua
what are the medication options for mastitis?
- dicloxacillin
- cephalexin
- clindamycin (MRSA)
- TMP-SMX (MRSA)
- vancomycin (MRSA)
- optic disk swelling
- scattered and diffuse hemorrhages
- cotton wool spots
- “blood and thunder” appearance
central retinal vein occlusion
how does central retinal vein occlusion differ from central retinal artery occlusion?
the vision loss in central retinal artery occlusion is more acute
how are the immune responses different between the PPSV23 and PCV13 vaccines?
- PPSV23: relatively T-cell independent B cell response since polysaccharides alone cannot be presented to T cells (less effective in young children and elderly)
- PCV13: polysaccharides are covalently attached to inactivated diphtheria toxin, producing a T cell dependent B cell response, resulting in improved immunogenicity due to the formation of higher affinity antibodies and memory cells
electrical alternans (varying amplitude of the QRS complexes) is pathognomonic for:
pericardial effusion
what is the explanation for the electrical alternans seen in pericardial effusion?
heart is swinging in the extra fluid of the pericardial sac, causing beat-to-beat variation
what antihypertensives are indicated in gestational HTN?
- labetalol
- methyldopa
- hydralizine
- CCBs
what is seen in CSF analysis for MS?
- oligoclonal bands (particularly IgG)
- normal cell count with T cell predominance
- normal total protein
- normal opening pressure
