09 APR 2017 1314 MIX

Question 1

precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, and multiple bone defects in a young girl

Answer 1

McCune Albright syndrome

3 Ps: Precocious puberty, Pigmentation, Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Question 2

what are contributory factors to orthostatic hypotension in normal aging?

Answer 2

• arterial stiffness
• decreased norepinephrine content of sympathetic nerve endings
• reduced sensitivity of myocardium to sympathetic stimulation
• some loss of baroreceptor sensitivity

Question 3

how does endometriosis lead to infertility?

Answer 3

cyclic accumulation of ectopic foci of hemorrhage and adhesions can distort pelvic anatomy and impair fertility by obstructing oocyte release or sperm entry

Question 4

what is the initial staging modality for gastric adenocarcinoma?

Answer 4

CT

Question 5

an acutely ill patient with underlying liver disease can become vitamin K deficient in ______ day

Answer 5

7-10 days

Question 6

the sympathetic autonomic innervation for erectile function is from _____________ and the parasympathetic innervation is from ____________

Answer 6

• sympathetic: T11-12

- parasympathetic: S2-4

Question 7

what are the ECG manifestations of hypokalemia?

Answer 7

• U waves
• flat and broad T waves
• premature ventricular beats

Question 8

what does a relative risk ratio over 1.0 mean?

Answer 8

exposure is associated with increased risk of disease (compared to non-exposed group)

Question 9

what is the physiologic reason for air trapping and hyperinflation in patients with COPD?

Answer 9

when exertional demands trigger an increase in minute ventilation (breaths per minute x tidal volume), the patient is forced to begin inhalation prior to completion of exhalation (“air stacking”)