17 JAN 2017 2102 IM Flashcards
What prophylaxis is given to HIV patients with CD4 counts under 50?
Azithromycin for MAC
Short systolic murmur at the cardiac apex that disappears with squatting?
Mitral valve prolapse
What is the empiric treatment of choice for meningococcal meningitis?
Third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) and vancomycin
What is the most feared side effect of antithyroid drugs (PTU, MMI)? What symptoms should you look for?
Agranulocytosis – fever and sore throat
in what ways can metabolic alkalosis be classified?
- saline-responsive (lower urinary chloride)
- saline unresponsive (higher urinary chloride)
does saline responsive metabolic alkalosis have low or high urinary chloride?
lower
does saline unresponsive metabolic alkalosis have low or high urinary chloride?
higher
what are the usual causes of saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis?
- loss of gastric secretions
- self-induced vomiting
- NG suctioning
results in ECF loss
what are the ramifications of ECF loss as a result of saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis?
- increased renal mineralocorticoid levels
- increased renal sodium and chloride reabsorption
- increased urinary H and K excretion
END RESULT: decreased urinary chloride, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Does persistent diarrhea lead to a metabolic acidosis that is anion gap or non-anion gap?
Non-anion gap
All forms of renal tubular acidosis lead to an acidosis that is ________________ (anion gap / non-anion gap)
Non-anion gap
Primary hyperaldosteronism leads to what type of acid base disorder?
Metabolic alkalosis
What can be done to differentiate Bell’s palsy from an intracranial process?
Raising of eyebrows – forehead muscle sparing is suggestive of an intracranial lesion
what should be suspected in a patient presenting with BILATERAL trigeminal neuralgia?
MS
crescent shaped hyperdensity on non-contrast CT?
subdural hematoma
a posterior cerebral artery thrombosis results in what type of vision abnormality?
contralateral homonomous hemianopia with macular sparing
what are the most common symptoms of MR? why?
- exertional dyspnea
- fatigue
decreased CO and increased left atrial pressure
headaches that are worse in the morning are usually due to:
ICP
acid base disturbances can be diagnosed by assessing the pH changes and either the _______________ or ________________
- serum bicarb
- serum pCO2
in mechanical ventilation, the PaO2 is influenced mainly by what two factors?
- FiO2
- PEEP
in mechanical ventilation the PaCO2 is a measure of _________________ and is affected by what two factors?
- pulmonary minute ventilation
- RR
- TV
what mechanical ventilation setting should be reduced in order to prevent over-oxygenation leading to free radical damage and atelectasis?
FiO2
what are some causes of NAFLD?
- increased transport of FFA from adipose tissue to liver
- decreased oxidation of FFA in the liver
- decreased clearance of FFA from the liver (due to decreased VLDL production)
- peripheral insulin resistance - increased peripheral lipolysis, TG synthesis, and hepatic uptake of FA
what is the most common mechanism responsible for ventricular arrhythmias in the immediate post-infarction period?
re-entry
