19 JAN 2017 0733 IM Flashcards
What is Kussmaul’s sign?
Lack of decrease or an increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration
What is the most common trigger for COPD exacerbations?
URI
What are the side effects of hydroxychloroquine for SLE?
Retinal toxicity (after 5-7 years of therapy)
What pattern is seen in thyroid lab values for euthyroid sick syndrome?
- Fall in total and free T3
- normal T4 and TSH
What is the reason for the fall in total and free T3 and normal T4 and TSH seen in euthyroid sick syndrome?
- decreased peripheral 5’-deiodination of T4 due to caloric deprivation
- elevated glucocorticoid and inflammatory cytokine levels
- inhibitors of 5’monodeiodinase
How can acute hypercarbia be differentiated from chronic CO2 retention in COPD patients?
Via associated acidosis and low bicarb level (chronic CO2 retainers have normal pH and high serum bicarb)
Which type of renal tubular acidosis is usually seen in Fanconi syndrome?
Type II
Cardiac amyloidosis is what form of cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive
What is the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome?
cirrhosis > splanchnic arteriolar dilation > decrease in vascular resistance > activates RAAS > local renal vasoconstriction with decreased perfusion and GFR
what are the two most common inciting factors of hepatorenal syndrome?
- SBP
- GI bleed
What medications can cause acute pancreatitis?
- azathioprine
- valproic acid
- thiazide diuretics
what is the first line therapy in conscious and stable patients with episodes of torsades de pointes?
IV magnesium sulfate
What is the utility of nonselective beta blockers (nadolol, propanolol) in the management of esophageal varices?
- Reduce portal venous pressure by blocking the adrenergic vasodilatory response of the mesenteric arterioles
- Results in unopposed alpha-adrenergic tone, vasoconstriction, and reduced portal blood flow
