19 JAN 2017 0733 IM Flashcards

1
Q

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

A

Lack of decrease or an increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration

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2
Q

What is the most common trigger for COPD exacerbations?

A

URI

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3
Q

What are the side effects of hydroxychloroquine for SLE?

A

Retinal toxicity (after 5-7 years of therapy)

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4
Q

What pattern is seen in thyroid lab values for euthyroid sick syndrome?

A
  • Fall in total and free T3

- normal T4 and TSH

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5
Q

What is the reason for the fall in total and free T3 and normal T4 and TSH seen in euthyroid sick syndrome?

A
  • decreased peripheral 5’-deiodination of T4 due to caloric deprivation
  • elevated glucocorticoid and inflammatory cytokine levels
  • inhibitors of 5’monodeiodinase
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6
Q

How can acute hypercarbia be differentiated from chronic CO2 retention in COPD patients?

A

Via associated acidosis and low bicarb level (chronic CO2 retainers have normal pH and high serum bicarb)

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7
Q

Which type of renal tubular acidosis is usually seen in Fanconi syndrome?

A

Type II

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8
Q

Cardiac amyloidosis is what form of cardiomyopathy?

A

Restrictive

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9
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome?

A

cirrhosis > splanchnic arteriolar dilation > decrease in vascular resistance > activates RAAS > local renal vasoconstriction with decreased perfusion and GFR

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10
Q

what are the two most common inciting factors of hepatorenal syndrome?

A
  • SBP

- GI bleed

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11
Q

What medications can cause acute pancreatitis?

A
  • azathioprine
  • valproic acid
  • thiazide diuretics
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12
Q

what is the first line therapy in conscious and stable patients with episodes of torsades de pointes?

A

IV magnesium sulfate

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13
Q

What is the utility of nonselective beta blockers (nadolol, propanolol) in the management of esophageal varices?

A
  • Reduce portal venous pressure by blocking the adrenergic vasodilatory response of the mesenteric arterioles
  • Results in unopposed alpha-adrenergic tone, vasoconstriction, and reduced portal blood flow
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