19 JAN 2017 0836 IM Flashcards
HIV patients with CD4 counts under ______ should not receive live vaccines
200
in diabetic neuropathy small fibers cause what types of symptoms? large fibers?
- small fibers: POSITIVE symptoms (pain, paresthesias)
- large fibers: NEGATIVE symptoms (sensory loss)
what types of medications can cause acute angle closure glaucoma?
- decongestants
- antiemetics
- anticholinergics
hordoleums (styes) are usually caused by what bacterium? what is the treatment?
- staph aureus
- warm compress
patients with HIV who develop progressive disseminated histoplasmosis require what treatment medication?
- IV amphotericin B (liposomal): 1-2 weeks
- oral intraconazole: for 1 year maintenance
what do lab studies show in a VIPoma? what are the reasons for each?
- hypokalemia: increased intestinal potassium secretion
- hypercalcemia: increased bone resorption
- hyperglycemia: increased glycogenolysis
- Low stool osmotic gap < 50 mosm/kg (OG = 290 - 2*Na - K)
what is confirmatory for diagnosing a VIPoma?
VIP level over 75
what are the treatment options for a VIPoma?
- volume repletion
- octreotide to decrease diarrhea
an anaphylactic reaction can potentially be delayed up to how long?
several hours
patients with syphilis who have PCN allergy receive alternate treatment with _____________
oral doxycycline
when is PCN desensitization indicated for syphilis treatment?
- CNS involvement (ocular, neuro)
- multiple treatment failures with other agents
- pregnancy
what is the treatment of choice for early syphilis?
IM benzathine PCN G
definition: observer bias
when investigator’s decision is adversely affeected by knowledge of the exposure status
what is the first step when encountered with a painless hard testicular mass and suggestive US?
orchiectomy (remove testicle and cord) - remove first and investigate later!
how can polymyositis be differentiated from lambert eaton?
in polymyositis:
- reflexes are preserved
- elevated creatine kinase
patients with ankylosing spondylitis can develop what type of pulmonary disease? why?
- restrictive lung disease
- diminished chest wall and spinal mobility
optic glioma is a well known complication of ___________________
neurofibromatosis type I
definition: enthesitis
inflammation at sites of ligamentous insertion
what is the mainstay of therapy for Dressler’s syndrome?
NSAIDs (corticosteroids if NSAIDs are contraindicated)
what are the symptoms of wallenberg syndrome?
- vestibulocerebellar
- sensory
- bulbar
- autonomic
- vestibulocerebellar: vertigo, falling to side of lesion, diplopia and nystagmus (horizontal and rotational), ipsilateral limb ataxia
- sensory: loss of pain and temperature on ipsilateral face and contralateral trunk / limbs
- bulbar: dysphagia, aspiration, dysarthria, dysphonia, hoarseness (ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis)
- autonomic: ipsilateral horners, hiccups
wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary infarct) occurs due to occlusion of what artery(ies)?
PICA or vertebral
after ____ hours, gluconeogenesis represents the sole source of glucose production
24
what is the main cause of hypercapnia in COPD?
increased dead space ventilation
minute ventilation is the product of:
tidal volume and respiratory rate
