19 NOV 2016 1317 PED Flashcards
1
Q
what are the clinical features of parinaud syndrome (pineal mass)? what causes it?
A
- limited upward gaze
- upper eyelid retraction (collier sign)
- pupils non-reactive to light, reactive to accommodation
- light-near dissociation w
- mass effect from pineal tumor on the pretectal region of the midbrain near the superior colliculus and CN III
2
Q
what are the clinical features of obstructive hydrocephalus?
A
- papilledema
- headache, vomiting
- ataxia
3
Q
what lab value is measured when an adrenal adenoma is suspected?
A
plasma renin to aldosterone
4
Q
juvenile idiopathic arthritis is diagnosed when arthritis is present for over ____ weeks
A
6
5
Q
in neonates polycythemia is defined as hematocrit over ____%
A
polycythemia = hematocrit over 65% in neonates
6
Q
what should be expected in a cyanotic infant with a left axis deviation? why?
A
- tricuspid valve atresia
- systemic circulation in the fetus relies primarily on the right heart; normally the RV is thus larger but in tricuspid atresia the RV is hypoplastic
7
Q
what are the clinical manifestations of riboflavin (B2) deficiency?
A
- angular cheilitis
- glossitis
- stomatitis
- normocytic-normochromic anemia
- seborrheic dermatitis
8
Q
what are the clinical manifestations of fanconi anemia in:
- bone marrow
- appearance
- skin
- eyes / ears
A
- bone marrow: aplastic anemia, progressive bone marrow failure
- appearance: short stature, microcephaly, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism
- skin: hypopigmented / hyperpigmented areas, cafe au lait spots
- eyes / ears: strabismus, low set ears, middle ear abnormalities (hemorrhage, incomplete development, chronic infections, deafness)
9
Q
fanconi anemia usually causes what type of anemia?
A
macrocytic anemia
10
Q
why can infection precipitate DKA?
A
- systemic release of insulin conterregulatory hormones such as catecholamines and cortisol
- resultant excess of glucagon causes hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and an osmotic diuresis
