21 - Behavior

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

someone’s character
e.g.
a child with a happy, easy-going nature
somebody’s nature
It’s just not in my nature to lie.
by nature
She was by nature a very affectionate person.
She’s a bit jealous. But it’s just human nature.

Question 2

nurture

Answer 2

the education and care that you are given as a child
e.g.
Why do we behave the way we do? Is it a case of nature or nurture?

Question 3

impact (on sth)

Answer 3

an effect or influence of sth
e.g.
We need to assess the impact on climate change.
major/significant/profound etc impact
Higher mortgage rates have already had a major impact on spending.
impact of
an international meeting to consider the environmental impacts of global warming

Question 4

play a part (in sth)

Answer 4

if something or someone plays a part in something else, they are involved in it
play a part in
Health education will play a part in preparing us for old age.
Britain should play its full part in the negotiations.
play a big/important part in something
Pictures play an important part in publishing.

Question 5

crucial

Answer 5

extremely important
e.g.
This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.
The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity.

Question 6

influential

Answer 6

having a lot of influence and therefore changing the way people think and behave
He had influential friends.
a highly influential art magazine

Question 7

peer pressure

Answer 7

a strong feeling that you must do the same things as other people of your age if you want them to like you
Teenagers often start smoking because of peer pressure.

Question 8

incentive (to do sth)

Answer 8

something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc
e.g.
As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.
Farmers lack any incentive to manage their land organically.

Question 9

broken home

Answer 9

a family that no longer lives together because the parents have divorced
The majority of offenders do not come from broken homes.

Question 10

deprived

Answer 10

not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life
Deprived children tend to do less well at school.

Question 11

damaging

Answer 11

causing physical harm to someone or something
the damaging effects of sunlight

Question 12

beneficial

Answer 12

having a good effect OPP detrimental
a drug that has a beneficial effect on the immune system

Question 13

win a place (in sth)

Answer 13

He might even win a place in England’s amateur boxing team.

Question 14

adolescent (n, adj)

Answer 14

a young person, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, who is developing into an adult
e.g.
An estimated 62 million Americans smoke, including 4.1 million adolescents aged 12-17.
When adolescents are making the transition to adulthood, their conduct can change a lot.
adolescent girls

Question 15

transition (from sth to sth)

Answer 15

when something changes from one form or state to another
e.g.
the smooth transition from full-time work to full retirement
Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.
a society that is in transition (=changing)
the period of transition to full democracy

Question 16

conduct

Answer 16

the way someone behaves, especially in public, in their job etc SYN behaviour
The Senator’s conduct is being investigated by the Ethics Committee.
an inquiry into the conduct of the police

Question 17

supportive

Answer 17

giving help or encouragement, especially to someone who is in a difficult situation – used to show approval
My family were very supportive throughout the divorce.

Question 18

sympathetic (to/towards sb)

Answer 18

caring and feeling sorry about someone’s problems
a sympathetic friend
a sympathetic attitude
sympathetic to/towards
I’m sympathetic to parents who are worried about what their children see on television.
We hope always to provide a friendly sympathetic ear

Question 19

in your own time

Answer 19

1) When you are ready
e.g.
You should talk to your children about their problems, but only in their own time.

2) if you study or do work in your own time, you do it outside normal school or work hours
e.g.
Nurses in training study in their own time.

Question 20

pace

Answer 20

1) the speed at which something happens or is done
pace of
The pace of change in our lives is becoming faster and faster.
at a steady/slow etc pace
Public spending continues to rise at a steady pace.

2) the speed at which someone walks, runs, or moves
e.g.
You need to step up the pace of your exercises.
Traffic slowed to a walking pace.

Question 21

wise

Answer 21

someone who is wise makes good decisions, gives good advice etc, especially because they have a lot of experience of life
a wise old man
At the time I thought he was wonderful, but I’m older and wiser now.
As a manager, Sanford was wise in the ways of (=knew a lot about) company politics.

Question 22

consistent

Answer 22

always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc – usually used to show approval OPP inconsistent
She’s the team’s most consistent player.
consistent in
We need to be consistent in our approach.

Question 23

cope with

Answer 23

to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation
e.g.
She feared she wouldn’t be able to cope with two new babies.
Local authorities have to cope with the problems of homelessness.

Question 24

phase

Answer 24

one of the stages of a process of development or change
a new drug that is in the experimental phase
phase of
The first phase of renovations should be finished by January.
in phases
The work will be carried out in phases.