21

Question 1

osteoporosis management t-score <2.5

Answer 1

lifestyle advice

offer treatment

Question 2

common causes acute septic arthritis

Answer 2

• haematogenous
• eruption of bone abscess
• direct invasion
• penetrating wound
• arthroscopy

Question 3

TB bone and join differential diagnosis

Answer 3

tumour
transient synovitis
monoarticular RA
haemorrhage arthritis 
pyogenic arthritis

Question 4

medications that can cause osteoporosis

Answer 4

• steroids
• PPI
• warfarin
• enzyme inducting anti-epileptic medication
• aromatase inhibitors
• GnRH inhibitors

Question 5

primary management of osteoporosis

Answer 5

weight bearing exercise
observe
vit D and calcium
minimise risk factors

Question 6

osteoid osteoma

Answer 6

benign bone forming tumour

Question 7

malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Answer 7

malignant fibrous tissue tumour

Question 8

most common epidemiology of hip labral tear

Answer 8

active females

Question 9

non-operative management of hallux rigidus

Answer 9

• activity modification
• shoe wear
• analgesia

Question 10

causes of neurotmesis

Answer 10

laceration or avulsion

Question 11

causes of ligament rupture

Answer 11

forces exceed strength of ligamenet
unexpected/ expected
rate load
complete/ incomplete

Question 12

define type 1 open #

Answer 12

<1cm
not contaminated
low energy
bone piercing skin from the inside

Question 13

causes of radial nerve palsy

Answer 13

handcuffs

compression of forearm

Question 14

presentation of reactive arthritis

Answer 14

• normally single joint
• recent infection
• disease may be sustemic
• skin or mucous membrane involvement

Question 15

Paget disease investigations

Answer 15

x-ray
triple phase isotope scan
blood serum alkaline phosphatase

Question 16

what is rickets

Answer 16

condition that affects bone development in children. It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities.

Question 17

prognosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type II

Answer 17

neonatal death/ first year of life

Question 18

when do you leave DDH alone if bilateral

Answer 18

> 6y/o

Question 19

DDH treatment 18 months -> 6 years

Answer 19

open reduction with femoral shortening +/- per-acetabular osteotomy

Question 20

describe screening protocol for DDH

Answer 20

selective US screening reduces but does not eradicate late presenters

Question 21

Barlows sign

Answer 21

hip adducted, slight posterior force applied, then posterior-lateral hip slides out

Question 22

what causes Volkmanns contracture

Answer 22

acute ischaemia and necrosis of muscle fibres of flexor group of muscles of the forearm