11

Question 1

endochondroma

Answer 1

benign cartilage forming tumour

Question 2

endocrine causes osteoporosis

Answer 2

PCOS
hypothalamic amenrohhoea 
hypo and hyperthyroid
cushings
hyperprolactinaemia
pregnancy
hypopituitarism
early menopaus
thyrotoxicosis

Question 3

what is sciatica

Answer 3

shooting pain from lower back down (typically one) leg

when the sciatic nerve which runs from your hip -> feet is irritated

Question 4

operative management achilles tendonitis

Answer 4

gastrocnemius recession

release and debridement of tendon

Question 5

potential causes achilles rupture

Answer 5

load > failure strength

1. pushing off with weight bearing foot whilst extending knee joint
2. unexpected ankle dorsiflexion e.g. hole
3. violent doris-flexion of plantar flexed foot e.g. fall from height

Question 6

investigations hallux valgus

Answer 6

x-ray to determine severity of underlying bony pathology

Question 7

what happens in dupuytrens contracture

Answer 7

thickening of palmar aponeurosis

Question 8

traumatic causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

distal radius fracture

Question 9

what indicated genetic link to dupuytrens contracture

Answer 9

early onset
bilateral disease
FH
ectopic disease

Question 10

management charcots foot

Answer 10

improve vascular supply
prevention
immobilisation - no weight bearing until acute fragmentation resolved
correct deformity

Question 11

common acute osteomyelitis organisms in children

Answer 11

staph aureus
haemophilus influenzae
strep pyogenes

Question 12

management central stenosis

Answer 12

• epidural steroid injection

- surgery

Question 13

symptoms hallux rigidus

Answer 13

asymptomatic
pain - often @ extreme dorsiflexion
limited ROM

Question 14

what do you want on a DEXA scan

Answer 14

zero or above

Question 15

origin of radial nerve

Answer 15

C5,6,7,8 T1

Question 16

presentation Pagets disease of bone

Answer 16

>40
bone pain which doesn't get better with rest
bone deformity
excessive heat at bone 
nerve deafness
asymmetry

Question 17

what happens in Pagets disease of bone

Answer 17

In Paget’s disease of bone, something goes wrong with the osteoclast cells and they start to absorb bone at a much faster rate than usual.
The osteoblasts then try to produce new bone more quickly, but the new bone is larger and weaker than normal.

Question 18

what is osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 18

genetic condition in which new bone is not generated correctly

Question 19

define ankle #SH2

Answer 19

fracture through growth plate and metaphysis sparing epiphysis

Question 20

management type II and III osteochondral lesion

Answer 20

drilling/ fixing

Question 21

what is an osteochondral lesion

Answer 21

osteochondral lesion is an injury or small fracture of the cartilage surface of the talus

Question 22

how is a type III osteochondral lesion defined

Answer 22

fragment