17

Question 1

what is an ankle # transitional #

Answer 1

fracture across growth plate closing

Question 2

describe antalgic gate

Answer 2

gait pattern in which stance phase on affected side is shortened

Question 3

where does a ganglion arise from

Answer 3

joint capsule, tendon sheath or ligament

Question 4

symptoms of ganglion

Answer 4

• visible bump (round, firm, smooth, non-tender)
• pain on movement
• changes in size
• not fixed to underlying tissues
• never fixed to skin

Question 5

how should asymptomatic hyperuricaemia be managed

Answer 5

not to be treated

Question 6

operative management lesser toe deformities

Answer 6

• flexor/ extensor transfer
• interphalangeal joint fusion
• metatarsophalangeal joint release
• osteotomy of metatarsal

Question 7

de quervians tenosyovitis signs

Answer 7

• pain around base of thumb
• swollen
• tender
• hot
• red

Question 8

cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

occurs when the ulnar nerve is stretched, compressed, or irritated where it crosses the elbow

Question 9

what is femoral anteversion

Answer 9

inward twisting of the femur causing knees to point inwards

Question 10

causes of intoeing and tripping

Answer 10

int. tibial torsion
femoral anteversion
metatarsus adductus

Question 11

what is an intervertebral disc made of

Answer 11

nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosis
type 1 + 2 collagen

Question 12

presentation of JIA pauciarticular type 3

Answer 12

asymmetric UL and LL

constitutional symptoms rare

Question 13

rheumatoid arthritis - what does a DAS <2.4 indicated

Answer 13

clinical remission

Question 14

what is DAS28 a measure of

Answer 14

measure of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

what is plantar fasciitis

Answer 15

chronic degenerative change, fibroblast hypertrophy, can’t make extra-cellular matrix needed for repair and remodelling

Question 16

in what circumstances does 1st attack of hyperuricaemia need to be treated

Answer 16

• polyarticular or tophaceous gout
• renal insufficiency
• 2nd attack in a year
• urate calculi

Question 17

possible consequences scaphoid fracture

Answer 17

retrograde blood supply so difficult to heal -> AVN

Question 18

TB bone and joint management

Answer 18

• chemo
• rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months
• rifampicin and isoniazid for additional 4 months
• rest and splint age

Question 19

investigations for osteoporosis

Answer 19

bone density scan (DEXA)
calcium and vit D levels
thyroid hormones
fracture risk assessment tool

Question 20

potential causes SUFE

Answer 20

• boys 9-14
• overweight
• hypothyroidism
• very tall

Question 21

what does SUFE stand for

Answer 21

slipper upper femoral epiphysis

Question 22

management perthes disease

Answer 22

maintain hip motion
analgesia
restrict painful activities
supervised neglect
potential osteotomy