18

Question 1

define ankle #SH3

Answer 1

fracture through growth plate sparing metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 2

what is neurotmesis

Answer 2

nerve and nerve sheath are disrupted

most serious nerve injury in the Seddons classification scheme

Question 3

causes axonomesis

Answer 3

stretched ++

crushed

direct blow

Question 4

management sciatica

Answer 4

usually gets better by itself in 4-6 weeks

• painkillers
• exercises/ stretches
• physio
• therapy

Question 5

perthes disease differential diagnosis

Answer 5

septic arthritis 
JIA
SUFE
lymphoma
sickle
hypothyroid

Question 6

x-ray features indicating TB of bone and joint

Answer 6

• soft tissue swelling
• periarticular osteopenia
• articular space narrowing

Question 7

medical management osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 7

• IV biphosphonates - start when getting fractures, stop when healed
• vit d and calcium
• can do metal rods

Question 8

describe bone found in pagets disease

Answer 8

disorganised
bigger
less compact
more vascular
more susceptible to deformity and fracture

Question 9

osteosarcoma

Answer 9

malignant bone forming tumour

Question 10

ewings sarcoma

Answer 10

malignant marrow tissue tumour

Question 11

gold standard management of hallux rigidus

Answer 11

arthrodesis

Question 12

symptoms of trigger finger

Answer 12

finger won't straighten then pops out
clicking sensation with movement 
lump in palm under pulley
may use other hand to unlock
clicking may progress to locking

Question 13

shoulder dislocation investigation

Answer 13

AP and lateral x-ray

Question 14

risk factors for developing gout

Answer 14

hyperuricaemia
renal failure
old age 
osteoarthritis 
male
diuretics

Question 15

operative management femeroacetabular impingement

Answer 15

1. arthroscopy (shave down defect)

2. open surgery (resection/ osteotomy/ arthroplasty/ resurfacing/ replacement)

Question 16

when do you leave DDH alone if unilateral

Answer 16

> 10 years

Question 17

describe microscopic polyangitis

Answer 17

necrotising vasculitis with few or no immune deposits predominantly affecting small vessels

Question 18

causes of limp

Answer 18

• pain
• weakness
• deformity

Question 19

axonotmesis

Answer 19

injury to peripheral nerve in a body extremity
axons and myelin sheath damaged
motor + sensory functions distal to point of injury lost

Question 20

describe a passive defensive injury

Answer 20

victim raises up arms/ legs for protection

Question 21

causes of lesser toe deformities

Answer 21

shoe wear
injury
flexor/ extensor imbalance
RA
neurological

Question 22

myeloma

Answer 22

malignant marrow tissue tumour commonest primary malignant bone tumour in older patients