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MSK > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

rheumatic causes osteoporosis

A
  • RA
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • polymyalgia rheumatica
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2
Q

diseases commonly associated with reactive arthritis

A 
EBV
salmonella
shigella
campylobacter
chlamydia
borrelia
strep throat
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3
Q

describe reactive arthritis

A

sterile synovitis after distant infection

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4
Q

management psoriatic arthritis

A
  • sulfasalazine
  • methotrexate
  • leflunomide
  • cyclosporine
  • anti-TNF therapy
  • steroids
  • physio and OT
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5
Q

sulfasalazine

A
  • DMARD

- 5-ASA

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6
Q

persistant swelling of joint in JIA is more common in small or large joints

A

large

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7
Q

is antinucleur antibody seropositivity common in JIA

A

yes

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8
Q

endocrine cause osteoporosis

A
  • hypo and hyoerthyroidism
  • hypothalamic amenhorrea
  • PCOS
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • cushings
  • hyperprolactinaemia
  • pregnancy
  • hypopituitarism
  • early menopause
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9
Q

management osteoporosis T-score -1 -> -2.5

A

life style, treat if previous fracture

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10
Q

causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome

A
  • benign tumours/ cysts
  • bone spurs
  • tendon sheath inflammation
  • nerve ganglions
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11
Q

damage to joints in JIA is associated with what response

A

Th1

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12
Q

investigations into ankylosing spondylitis

A
  • HLA B27
  • modified schober
  • MRI (erosion and narrowing of joint spaces)
  • x-ray and CT (bamboo spine)
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13
Q

common presentation of acute primary osteomyelitis in adults

A
  • backache
  • history of UTI/ urological procedure
  • elderly
  • diabetic
  • Immunocompromised
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14
Q

define type II open #

A

moderate soft tissue injury
wound <10cm
no soft tissue flap or adhesion

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15
Q

enthesitis

A

inflammation of achilles tendon in analysing spondylitis

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16
Q

what happens to IV discs and facet joints of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation

  • joints destroyed
  • fibroblasts replace with fibrin
  • fibrous band
  • limits ROM
  • ossification
  • bony growths
17
Q

examples of cytokines released in inflammatory response by neutrophils

A
  • tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)

- interleukin one (IL-1)

18
Q

what type of cell is used to signal to other cells for immune reinforcement

A

cytokines

19
Q

what is a major histocompatibility complex

A

most cells have a set of proteins that can bind together to form this; presents samples for immune system to test

20
Q

management options for tendon avulsion

A
  • tendon retraction
  • tendon reattachment through bone
  • fixation of any bone fragments
21
Q

what is HLA B27

A

gene which encodes for a specific type of MHC class 1 molecule

22
Q

what causes a back to crack

A

facet joints

  • back stretched
  • capsules stretches
  • decreased in capsule pressure
  • gas comes out of solution
  • noise

MSK (26 decks)

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