2016 pharma Flashcards
What is the most likely cause of the increase in the elimination half-life of polar drugs like aminoglycosides in the elderly, compared to adults? a- decreased body fat b- decreased elimination in the kidneys c- decreased hepatic function d- increased protein binding
b- decreased elimination in the kidneys
How do we treat acetaminophen overdose? a- Ethanol b- Sodium bicarbonate c- Atropine d- N-acetylcysteine
d- N-acetylcysteine
Where does biotransformation mainly occur? a- Liver b- Brain c- Spleen d- Kidney
a- Liver
Which mechanism makes Taxanes suitable for cancer chemotherapy?
a- Angiogenesis inhibitors
b- Mitotic inhibitors
c- Topoisomerase inhibitors
b- Mitotic inhibitors
What would likely to occur if a patient being treated with MAO- inhibitors eats tyramine rich food? a- Bronchoconstriction b- Decreased peripheral resistance c- Hypertension crisis d- Postural hypotension
c- Hypertension crisis
Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. What explains this selective toxicity?
Ribosome structure is different in eukaryotes than prokaryotes
Which neuromuscular blocker may cause postoperative muscle pain and hyperkalemia as side effects? a- Suxamethonium b- Atracurium c- Vecuronium d- Rocuronium
a- Suxamethonium
What selective Beta2 agonist is used to treat asthma? a- Clonidine b- Isoprenaline c- Salbutamol d- Phenylephrine
c- Salbutamol
Which effect is due to the action of Bethanechol? a- Decreased salivary secretion b- Decreased gastric motility c- Increased blood pressure d- Bronchoconstriction
d- Bronchoconstriction
The activation of which presynaptic adrenergic receptor results in the inhibition of noradrenaline release? a- alpha-2 b- alpha-1 c- beta-2 d- beta-3
a- alpha-2
Which mechanism makes toxins useful in chemotherapy?
a- Angiogenesis inhibitor
b- Mitotic inhibitor
b- Mitotic inhibitor
Which of these mechanisms is an example of a pharmacodynamic drug interaction?
a- blockage of salbutamol by propranolol leading to relaxation
b- decreased absorption of drug
c- displacement of drug to plasma bound proteins
d- Inducing drug metabolism
a- blockage of salbutamol by propranolol leading to relaxation
(Beta-receptor antagonists reduce the effectiveness of Beta2-agonists)
What is meant by idiosyncrasy in terms of drug action?
a- Adverse drug reaction due to a small dose
b- Adverse drug reaction occurring in a small minority of the test population
c- Adverse drug reaction occurring in more than 50% of the test population
d- Adverse drug reaction that can be useful in certain situations
b- Adverse drug reaction occurring in a small minority of the test population
Which neurotransmitter is similar in autonomic and somatic nervous system? a- Acetylcholine b- Dopamine c- Norepinephrine d- Epinephrine
a- Acetylcholine
Which selective alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist is used in the treatment of hypertension?
Prazosin
What enzyme terminates the action of noradrenaline at the synaptic cleft?
a- Catechol-o-methyltransferase
b- Tyrosine hydroxylase
c- DOPA decarboxylase
a- Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)
What differentiates between an Agonist from Antagonist? a- Intrinsic activity b- Receptor density c- 2nd messenger d- Receptor location
a- Intrinsic activity
What does cocaine inhibit in the adrenergic neuron?
a- Neuronal uptake 1
What type of polymorphism is most associated with ultra-rapid metabolic phenotype? a- Deletion b- Gene duplication c- Non-synonymous polymorphism d- Synonymous polymorphism
C (it says C in the exam but google says B)
A drug is administered every 12 hours, it has a clearance rate of 60 ml/min. What is the maintenance dose that should be administered in order to keep the steady-state concentration at 10 mg/L? a- 7200 b- 432 c- 600 d- 7.2
b- 432
Sulfonamides inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is necessary for folic acid synthesis. What is the basis of their selective toxicity?
a- Bacterial dihydropteroate synthase enzyme differs structurally from the eukaryotic one
b- Eukaryotic ribosomes use folic acid as a co-factor for DNA synthesis
c- Folic acid is needed for bacterial cell wall synthesis
d- Unlike bacteria, humans do not only depend on synthesized folic acid
d- Unlike bacteria, humans do not only depend on synthesized folic acid (we also use folic acid we consume)
What best describes elimination of drugs?
Most drugs follow first order linear kinetics
What best describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of infants, compared to adults?
a- Blood-brain barrier is more permeable
b- Glomerular filtration is higher
c- Albumin serum is higher
d- pH of the stomach is lower
a- Blood-brain barrier is more permeable
What is the characteristic of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions?
a- Detected in the early clinical stages
b- Related to the main pharmacological action of the drug
c- It is predictable
d- Associated with high mortality
d- Associated with high mortality
A patient was given a prodrug to relieve pain, but he was an ultra-metabolizer. What would happen?
a- increase concentration of prodrug
b- increase toxicity
c- decrease concentration of active metabolites
b- increase toxicity
What blocks acetylcholine release from the presynaptic neuron? a- Atropine b- Botulinum toxin c- Ipratropium d- Latrotoxin
b- Botulinum toxin
What terminology is used to describe a molecule that binds to a receptor and produces a response? a- Agonist b- Antagonist c- Inverse agonist d- Neutral antagonist
a- Agonist
Sympathetic nerve stimulates a blood vessel. What is going to be released?
a- Noradrenaline
b- Adrenaline
a- Noradrenaline
Function of vinca alkaloids?
a- Inhibit depolymerization of tubulin
b- Inhibit polymerization of tubulin
b- Inhibit polymerization of tubulin
What is used in the treatment of motion sickness?
a- Scopolamine
b- Atropine
a- Scopolamine
