2015 patho

Question 1

Which of the following describes metaplasia of the esophagus?
A) squamous to columnar epithelium
B) columnar to squamous epithelium

Answer 1

A) squamous to columnar epithelium

Question 2

A man experienced a myocardial infarction and expired. What will you find when you examine the heart 48 hours later?
A) No change
B) Inflammation and edema
C) Fibrosis

Answer 2

B) Inflammation and edema

Question 3

How can liver cirrhosis cause edema?
A) Reduction of oncotic pressure
B) Increase in hydrostatic pressure
C) Lymphatic obstruction

Answer 3

A) Reduction of oncotic pressure

Question 4

TNM system is used for what?
A) Grading tumors
B) Staging tumors

Answer 4

B) Staging tumors

Question 5

A man with an abscess came to the hospital and had it excised. The lab identified Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following described s. Aureus?
A) Etiology
B) Pathogenesis
C) Prognosis

Answer 5

A) Etiology

Question 6

Which of the following characterizes acute inflammation?
A) Vascular changes
B) Lymphocytosis

Answer 6

A) Vascular changes

Question 7

Which is an example of reversible change?
A) Pyknosis
B) Karryorhexis
C) Edema

Answer 7

C) Edema

Question 8

Which of the following is malignant?
A) Melanoma
B) Glioma

Answer 8

A) Melanoma

Question 9

A woman with Alzheimer’s disease will most likely have what type of amyloid plaques in her brain?
A) ATTR amyloid
B) b2 macroglobulin amyloid
C) AB amyloid

Answer 9

C) AB amyloid

Question 10

What is the first step of fracture healing?
A) Hematoma
B) Provisional callus

Answer 10

A) Hematoma

Question 11

What causes Wilson’s disease?
A) decreased amounts of caeruloplasmin
B) deficiency of copper

Answer 11

A) decreased amounts of caeruloplasmin

Question 12

A person came in with PH of 7.1, HCo3 5, CO2 16. What acid/base disorder is he suffering from?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

A) Metabolic acidosis

Question 13

What delays fracture healing?
A) Interposition of soft tissue
B) UV rays

Answer 13

A) Interposition of soft tissue

Question 14

What will predominantly cause thrombosis?
A) vasoconstriction
B) endothelial injury

Answer 14

B) endothelial injury

Question 15

What is dystrophic calcification?
A) Deposition of calcium in cardiac tissue
B) Deposition of calcium in dying tissue
C) Deposition of calcium the uterus

Answer 15

B) Deposition of calcium in dying tissue

Question 16

What would happen if the mitochondria function decreased?
A) Hot intolerance
B) Cold intolerance

Answer 16

B) Cold intolerance

Question 17

What do cancer cells attain when P53 is mutated?
A) Resist apoptosis
B) Evading growth suppressors

Answer 17

B) Evading growth suppressors

Question 18

What is characterized by an excess of collagen synthesis in the skin forming a raised scar?

Answer 18

Keloid

Question 19

What is the pathogenesis of amyloid deposits?
A) They reduce blood flow to tissue
B) Causing pressure on cells and tissues

Answer 19

B) Causing pressure on cells and tissues

Question 20

What is the response of the body when osmolarity of the ECM increases?
A) ADH inhibition
B) ADH secretion
C) Thirst inhibited

Answer 20

B) ADH secretion

Question 21

In what infection will you find an increased amount of eosinophils?

Answer 21

Schistosomiasis

Question 22

What characterizes granulation tissue?

Answer 22

Angiogenesis

Question 23

Which plasma protein can lead to emphysema in young adults if deficient?
A) beta2- microglobulin
B) α-fetoprotein (AFP)
C) a1-antitrypsin

Answer 23

C) a1-antitrypsin

Question 24

What is the function of Apo lipoprotein C-II?
A) Activates LPL
B) Ligand for LDL receptor
C) Activator of LCAT

Answer 24

A) Activates LPL

Question 25

What can cause megaloblastic anemia?
A) Folate toxicity
B) Folate deficiency

Answer 25

B) Folate deficiency

Question 26

If a tissue has the following characteristic: nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and rapid mitotic activity, what is the appropriate term?
A) Carcinoma in situ
B) Metaplasia
C) Teratoma

Answer 26

A) Carcinoma in situ

Question 27

What is the formula for calculating LDL?

Answer 27

LDL = total – (HDL + TG/2.2)