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FB2 Past Exams > 2016 pharma > Flashcards

2016 pharma Flashcards

1
Q 
What is the most likely cause of the increase in the elimination half-life of polar drugs like aminoglycosides in the elderly, compared to adults?
a- decreased body fat
b- decreased elimination in the kidneys 
c- decreased hepatic function
d- increased protein binding
A

b- decreased elimination in the kidneys

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2
Q 
How do we treat acetaminophen overdose? 
a- Ethanol
b- Sodium bicarbonate 
c- Atropine
d- N-acetylcysteine
A

d- N-acetylcysteine

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3
Q 
Where does biotransformation mainly occur? 
a- Liver
b- Brain 
c- Spleen 
d- Kidney
A

a- Liver

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4
Q

Which mechanism makes Taxanes suitable for cancer chemotherapy?
a- Angiogenesis inhibitors
b- Mitotic inhibitors
c- Topoisomerase inhibitors

A

b- Mitotic inhibitors

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5
Q 
What would likely to occur if a patient being treated with MAO- inhibitors eats tyramine rich food?
a- Bronchoconstriction
b- Decreased peripheral resistance 
c- Hypertension crisis
d- Postural hypotension
A

c- Hypertension crisis

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. What explains this selective toxicity?

A

Ribosome structure is different in eukaryotes than prokaryotes

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7
Q 
Which neuromuscular blocker may cause postoperative muscle pain and hyperkalemia as side effects?
a- Suxamethonium 
b- Atracurium
c- Vecuronium 
d- Rocuronium
A

a- Suxamethonium

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8
Q 
What selective Beta2 agonist is used to treat asthma? 
a- Clonidine
b- Isoprenaline 
c- Salbutamol
d- Phenylephrine
A

c- Salbutamol

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9
Q 
Which effect is due to the action of Bethanechol? 
a- Decreased salivary secretion
b- Decreased gastric motility 
c- Increased blood pressure 
d- Bronchoconstriction
A

d- Bronchoconstriction

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10
Q 
The activation of which presynaptic adrenergic receptor results in the inhibition of noradrenaline release? 
a- alpha-2
b- alpha-1 
c- beta-2 
d- beta-3
A

a- alpha-2

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11
Q

Which mechanism makes toxins useful in chemotherapy?
a- Angiogenesis inhibitor
b- Mitotic inhibitor

A

b- Mitotic inhibitor

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12
Q

Which of these mechanisms is an example of a pharmacodynamic drug interaction?
a- blockage of salbutamol by propranolol leading to relaxation
b- decreased absorption of drug
c- displacement of drug to plasma bound proteins
d- Inducing drug metabolism

A

a- blockage of salbutamol by propranolol leading to relaxation
(Beta-receptor antagonists reduce the effectiveness of Beta2-agonists)

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13
Q

What is meant by idiosyncrasy in terms of drug action?
a- Adverse drug reaction due to a small dose
b- Adverse drug reaction occurring in a small minority of the test population
c- Adverse drug reaction occurring in more than 50% of the test population
d- Adverse drug reaction that can be useful in certain situations

A

b- Adverse drug reaction occurring in a small minority of the test population

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14
Q 
Which neurotransmitter is similar in autonomic and somatic nervous system?
a- Acetylcholine 
b- Dopamine
c- Norepinephrine 
d- Epinephrine
A

a- Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Which selective alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist is used in the treatment of hypertension?

A

Prazosin

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16
Q

What enzyme terminates the action of noradrenaline at the synaptic cleft?
a- Catechol-o-methyltransferase
b- Tyrosine hydroxylase
c- DOPA decarboxylase

A

a- Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)

17
Q 
What differentiates between an Agonist from Antagonist? 
a- Intrinsic activity
b- Receptor density 
c- 2nd messenger
d- Receptor location
A

a- Intrinsic activity

18
Q

What does cocaine inhibit in the adrenergic neuron?

A

a- Neuronal uptake 1

19
Q 
What type of polymorphism is most associated with ultra-rapid metabolic phenotype?
a- Deletion
b- Gene duplication
c- Non-synonymous polymorphism 
d- Synonymous polymorphism
A

C (it says C in the exam but google says B)

20
Q 
A drug is administered every 12 hours, it has a clearance rate of 60 ml/min. What is the maintenance dose that should be administered in order to keep the steady-state concentration at 10 mg/L?
a- 7200
b- 432
c- 600
d- 7.2
A

b- 432

21
Q

Sulfonamides inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is necessary for folic acid synthesis. What is the basis of their selective toxicity?
a- Bacterial dihydropteroate synthase enzyme differs structurally from the eukaryotic one
b- Eukaryotic ribosomes use folic acid as a co-factor for DNA synthesis
c- Folic acid is needed for bacterial cell wall synthesis
d- Unlike bacteria, humans do not only depend on synthesized folic acid

A

d- Unlike bacteria, humans do not only depend on synthesized folic acid (we also use folic acid we consume)

22
Q

What best describes elimination of drugs?

A

Most drugs follow first order linear kinetics

23
Q

What best describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of infants, compared to adults?
a- Blood-brain barrier is more permeable
b- Glomerular filtration is higher
c- Albumin serum is higher
d- pH of the stomach is lower

A

a- Blood-brain barrier is more permeable

24
Q

What is the characteristic of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions?
a- Detected in the early clinical stages
b- Related to the main pharmacological action of the drug
c- It is predictable
d- Associated with high mortality

A

d- Associated with high mortality

25
Q

A patient was given a prodrug to relieve pain, but he was an ultra-metabolizer. What would happen?
a- increase concentration of prodrug
b- increase toxicity
c- decrease concentration of active metabolites

A

b- increase toxicity

26
Q 
What blocks acetylcholine release from the presynaptic neuron? 
a- Atropine
b- Botulinum toxin 
c- Ipratropium
d- Latrotoxin
A

b- Botulinum toxin

27
Q 
What terminology is used to describe a molecule that binds to a receptor and produces a response?
a- Agonist
b- Antagonist
c- Inverse agonist
d- Neutral antagonist
A

a- Agonist

28
Q

Sympathetic nerve stimulates a blood vessel. What is going to be released?
a- Noradrenaline
b- Adrenaline

A

a- Noradrenaline

29
Q

Function of vinca alkaloids?
a- Inhibit depolymerization of tubulin
b- Inhibit polymerization of tubulin

A

b- Inhibit polymerization of tubulin

30
Q

What is used in the treatment of motion sickness?
a- Scopolamine
b- Atropine

A

a- Scopolamine

FB2 Past Exams (32 decks)

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