20 PASADOS Y PERFECTOS Flashcards
PRESENTE SIMPLE (Tom Studies every day)
ACCIONES QUE SE EJECUTAN CONTINUAMENTE, SE VENÍAN EJECUTANDO EN EL PASADO, SE SIGUEN EJECUTANDO EN EL PRESENTE Y TODO INDICA QUE SE SEGUIRÁN EJECUTANDO EN EL FUTURO
PRESENTE PROGRESIVO (Tom is studying right now)
PARA ACCIONES QUE SE ESTÁN HACIENDO AHORA MISMO CONTINUAMENTE Y SIN PARAR
SIMPLE PAST (Tom studied last night)
ACIONES QUE FUERON, QUE SE REALIZARON EN EL PASADO
PASADO PROGRESIVO
Tom was studying when they CAME
DOS ACTIVIDADES QUE SE REALIZARON EN EL PASADO. GENERALMENTE UNA INTERRUMPE A LA OTRA (WHEN)
SIMPLE FUTURE (Tom will study tomorrow)
UNA ACTIVIDAD QUE SE HACE EN EL FUTURO
FUTURO PROGRESIVO (Tom will be studying when you COME)
DOS ACTIVIDADES QUE PASAN EN EL FUTURO. LA SEGUNDA ACTIVIDAD VA EN PRESENTE
PRESENTE PERFECTO (Tom HAS already studied Chapter One)
HAS
UNA ACTIVIDAD QUE SE HA ESTADO HACIENDO
PRESENTE PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Tom HAS BEEN studying for two hours)
HAS BEEN
UNA ACTIVIDAD QUE SE HA ESTADO EJECUTANDO DE MANERA PROLONGADA
PAST PERFECT (Tom HAD already studied chapter one before he BEGAN studying chapter two)
HAD (ALREADY) STUDIED
DOS ACTIVIDADES
SEGUNDA ACTIVIDAD EN PASADO
TERMINA UNA ACTIVIDAD Y EMPIEZA OTRA. JUNTAS EN EL PASADO
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (Tom had been studying for two hours before his friends CAME)
HAD BEEN STUDDYING
DOS ACTIVIDADES EN EL PASADO
LA SEGUNDA ACTIVIDAD EN PASADO
FUTURO PERFECTO (Tom WILL already HAVE studied chapter four before he STUIES chapter five)
WILL (ALREADY) HAVE STUDIED
DOS ACTIVIDADES EN EL FUTURO
LA SEGUNDA EN PRESENTE
FUTURO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Tom WILL HAVE BEEN studying for two hours by the time his roommate GETS home)
WILL HAVE BEEN STUDYING
SEGUNDA ACTIVIDAD EN PRESENTE
BY THE TIME
Yesterday, I was walking to the classroom
Pasado Progresivo
I’ve met a lot of people
Presente perfecto.
HAVE está en presente
No me fijo en MET, no me dice nada, necesariamente debe estar en Participio
I HAVE BEEN working
Presente Perfecto Progresivo
HAVE PRESENTE PERFECTO
BEEN PROGRESIVO
I WILL walk
Futuro simple
I WILL BE attending my English Class
Futuro Progresivo
WILL + BE + ING
What had you done by the time you got to class today?
HAD Pasado Perfecto
Secunda acción en pasado GOT
What will you have done by the time you go to bed tonight
WILL HAVE Futuro perfecto
GO Segunda acción en Presente
Were you asleep when your friend called last night?
WERE PASADO
Segunda acción en pasado
Yes, I had been sleeping for almost an hour when the phone rang
HAD BEEN Pasado Perfecto progresivo
Segunda acción en pasado
How long have you been working in this workbook?
HAVE BEEN Presente progresivo
By the time I finish this practice, I will have been working for two hours
WILL HAVE BEEN Futuro Perfecto Progresivo
FINISH Segunda acción en presente
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX every day before you come to class? Name one thing.
B: I (eat) XXXXXXX breakfast.
DO YOU DO
EAT
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX last night? Name three separate activities.
B: Last night I (eat) XXXXXXX dinner. Then I (visit) XXXXXXX some friends, and later I (write) XXXXXXX a couple of letters
DID YOU DO
ATE
VISITED
WROTE
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX right now? What activity is in progress right now, at this exact moment?
B: Right now I (talk) XXXXXXX to you. I (answer) XXXXXXX your questions
ARE YOU DOING
AM TALKING
AM ANSWERING
A: Where were you at this exact time yesterday? And what activity was in progress yesterday at that time?
B: Let me think. At this exact time yesterday, I was at the bookstore. I (look) XXXXXXX for the books I needed to buy for this class.
WAS LOOKING
A: How many questions (I, ask) XXXXXXX since we began this exercise?
B: I don’t know exactly. I think you (ask) XXXXXXX me about five or six questions since we began this exercise.
HAVE I ASKED
HAVE ASKED ME
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX for the past five minutes? In other words, what activity began five minutes ago and has been in progress from that time to the present time?
B: I (talk) XXXXXXX to you for the past five minutes. I started talking to you five minutes ago, and I am still talking to you
HAVE YOU BEEN DOING
HAVE BEEN TALKING
A: Where (you, be) XXXXXXX tomorrow morning?
B. I (be) XXXXXXX in class tomorrow morning.
WILL YOU BE
WILL BE
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX at this exact time tomorrow? In other words, what activity will be in progress at this exact same time tomorrow?
B: Right now I am sitting in the classroom. And at this exact time tomorrow,.l (sit) XXXXXXX in the classroom
WILL YOU BE DOING
WILL BE SITTING
A: What (you, do) XXXXXXX by the time you got to class today? In other words, what is one activity that you had completed before you arrived in class today?
B: Well, for one thing, I (eat) XXXXXXX breakfast by the time I got to class today.
HAD YOU DONE
HAD EATEN
My brother don’t like coconut. Can you believe it? I never met anyone else in life who felt this way. It seem very strange to me
DOESN’T
HAVE
HAS FELT
SEEMS
What was there about cocon that he don’t like? It seemed very inoffensive to me. Perhaps, he says he don’t like it in order to get attention
DOESN’T
DOESN’T
When he refused to eat a coconut cookie, he gets a lot of attention and people try to figure out why he disliked it so much
REFUSES
DISLIKES
Of course, my brother always will deny this, but I think that was the real reason
IS
When I first move here 10 years ago, it gets cold in December and January. In fact, the first two years, we have a freeze which killed all of my outdoor plants.
MOVED
GOT
HAD
As a result, I decide not to try to grow anything else. Now, however, it is staying pretty warm all winter. In fact, just the other day I wear shorts and a T-shirt.
DECIDED
WORE
Last week my brother-in-law was taking me to the desert about 45 minutes away and we stay there a couple of days. One of the reasons why we went is to shoot rifles just for fun
TOOK
STAYED
WAS
He sets up some cans and bottles for targets and shot at them. He also lets me shoot his rifle. It is the first time I am shooting a gun and I feel very scared.
SET
LET
SHOT
FELT
Even though I can see how much he enjoy target practice, I thought gun ownership should be limited.
COULD
ENJOYED
THINK
A present tense, is used in an adverb clause of time
when main clause is in future
After y before, claramente separan dos actividades
After she graduates, she will get a job
I will leave before he comes
A past tense, is used in an adverb clause of time
when main clause is in past or past perfect
After y before, claramente separan dos actividades
After she (had) gratuaded, she got a job
I (had) left before he came
WHEN = At that time
(Cuando algo pasó expresado en pasado) When + pasado, + otra oración en: pasado, pasado progresivo, pasado perfecto
When I arrived, he was talking on the phone
When I got here, he had already left
When it began to rain, I stood under a tree
When I was in Chicago, I visited the museums
No se dice:
Cuando yo estaba jugando
Se dice:
Mientras yo estaba jugando
When y presente (Para expresar futuro, ,), Otra oración en futuro
When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him
Juntas expresan futuro, pero la que acompaña a When va en presente
WHILE (AS) con pasado progresivo, otra oración en pasado
While I was walking home, it began to rain
As I was walking home, it began to rain
BY THE TIME
One event is completed before another
BY THE TIME con pasado, otra oración con PASADO PERFECTO
By the time he arrived, we had already left
When he arrived, we had already left
BY THE TIME con PRESENTE, otra oración con FUTURO
By the time he comes, we will have already left
When he comes, we will have already left
SINCE
DESDE
From that time to the present
Presente perfecto SINCE pasado
EVER SINCE = SINCE con énfasis
I haven’t seen him SINCE he left this morning
I have known her SINCE I was a child
I ihave known her EVER SINCE I was a child
UNTIL
HASTA
PASADO UNTIL PASADO
We stayed there UNTIL we finished our work
REGLA GENERAL PASADO
DOS ACTIVIDADES EN EL PASADO:
LA SEGUNDA VA EN PASADO SIMPLE
REGLA GENERAL FUTURO
DOS ACTIVIDADES EN EL FUTURO:
LA SEGUNDA VA EN PRESENTE
AS SOON AS
ONCE
Dos eventos uno en el presente y otro en el futuro
Tan pronto llegue, nos iremos para la fiesta
AS SOON AS it stops raining, we will leave
Once I put gas, I will go to your house
AS LONG AS
MIENTRAS algo dure
During all time, from beginning to end
Futuro AS LONG AS Presente
SO LONG AS
I will never speak him again AS LONG AS I live
SO LONG AS
I will never speak him again SO LONG AS I live
WHENEVER
Every time
WHENEVER presente, presente
Whenever I see her, I say hello
EVERY TIME presente, presente
Every time I see her, I say hello
The first time (that) pasado, pasado
The second time (that) pasado, pasado
The last time (that) pasado, pasado
The next time (that) PRESENTE, FUTURO (LÓGICO)
The first time that
I went to New York, I went to an Opera
I saw two plays The last time (that)
I went to New York
Next time (that)
I go to Miami, I will see a ballet
AFTER
After presente, Futuro
After pasado o pasado perfecto, pasado (Regla general)
When pasado
La otra acción va en: Pasado, Pasado Perfecto o Pasado Progresivo
When presente
La otra va en futuro
When futuro
No existe
When con progresivo
No existe.
Si quiero usar progresivo, tengo que acudir a WHILE
BY THE TIME
Sigue la regla general
By the time pasado
Pasado Perfecto. una acción después de la otra
By the time presente,
La otra en futuro
A la frase que va con When, While, By the time etc. se le denomina …
Clausula adverbial de tiempo.
Main Clause es…
La oración que acompaña a la cláusula adverbial de tiempo.
I will call you before I XXXXXXX
COME OUT
Last night I went to bed after I XXXXXXX my homework
DID
Tonight I will go to bed after I XXXXXXX my homework
DO
Ever since I was a child, I XXXXXXX afraid of dogs
HAVE BEEN
Jane’s contact lens popped out while she XXXXXXX basketball
WAS PLAYING
Be sure you made a good composition before you XXXXXXX it to the teacher
HANDED
TURNED
By the time I left my apartment this morning, the mail carrier (deliver) XXXXXXX the mail
HAD ALREADY DELIVERED
I have known Jim Bates since he XXXXXXX ten years old
WAS
A black cat ran across the road as I (drive) XXXXXXX my car to work.
WAS DRIVING
As = While, solo con progresivos
By the time I leave this city, I (be) XXXXXXX here for four moths
WILL HAVE BEEN
Whenever Mark (get) XXXXXXX angry, his nose gets red
GETS
I (USE TO GO) XXXXXXX to the beach whenever the water was nice.
USED TO GO
We will have a big party when I (PASS) XXXXXXX the exam
PASS
Next time I XXXXXXX to Hawaii, I’m going to visit a volcano
GO
En este caso I’m going to expresa futuro
I had fried chicken the last time I (eat) XXXXXXX at the restaurant
ATE
TACHAR LOS QUE NO SON CORRECTOS
CON LOS QUE NO SE PUEDAN COMBINAR LAS ORACIONES
The other passengers will get on the bus soon. Then we will leave.
A. WHILE
B. AS SOON AS
C. THE LAST TIME
B
I turned off the lights, I left the room
A. BEFORE
B. BY THE TIME
C. AFTER
I turned off the lights Before I left the room
By the time I left the room, I had turned off the lights
After I turned off the lights, I left the room
Susan sometimes feels nervous. Then she chews her nails.
a. whenever b. before c. every time
Whenever Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails.
Susan feels nervous before she chews her nails.
Every time Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails.
The frying pan caught on fire. I was making dinner at that time.
a. by the time b. while c. as soon as
By the time the frying pan caught on fire, I had made dinner
While I was making dinner, the frying pan caught on fire
As soon as I made dinner, the frying pan caught on fire
We were sitting down to eat. Someone knocked on the door at that moment.
a. as b. after c. before
As we were sitting down to eat, someone knocked on the door.
After we sitted down to eat, someone knocked the door
The singer finished her song. The audience immediately burst into applause.
a. as lóng as b. as soon as c. immediately after
No se puede As long as = During that time, from beginning to end
As soon as the singer finished her song, the audience burst into applause.
Inmediately after the singer finished her song, the audience burst into applause
We have to wait here. Nancy will come.
a. as soon as b. after c. until
We have to wait here UNTIL Nancy comes
Nancy will come. We can leave for the theater.
a. after b. as soon as c. when
After Nancy comes, We will leave for the theater
As soon as Nancy comes, We can leave for the theater
When Nancy comes, we can leave for the theater
My roommate walked into the room yesterday. I immediately knew that something was wrong
a. as soon as b. when c. whenever
As soon as my roommate walked into the room yesterday. I immediately knew that something was wrong.
When my roommate walked into the room yesterday. I immediately knew that something was wrong. When combina con todo menos con progresivo y tampoco con futuro
Whenever no se puede
I stood up to give my speech. Immediately before that, I got butterflies in my stomach.
until b. while c. just before
Just before I stood up to give my speech, I got butterflies in my stomach
I saw the great pyramids of Egypt in the moonlight. I was speechless.
a. until b. the first time c. before
The first time I saw the great pyramids of Egypt in the moonlight, I was speechless.
Jane has gotten three promotions in the last six months. She started working at this company six months ago.
a. before b. since c. when
Since jane started working, she has gotten three promotions.
I had gone to bed. The phone rang.
a. shortly after b. not long after
c. c
shortly after I had gone to bed. The phone rang.
not long after I had gone to bed. The phone rang.
a short time after I had gone to bed. The phone rang.
