פרק 20 Chapter 20: Dementia, the Amnesic Syndrome, and the Neurology of Intelligence and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Table 20-1
THE COMMON TYPES OF DEMENTING DISEASES AND THEIR APPROXIMATE FREQUENCIES

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Table 20-2
NEUROPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSES FOR 261 CASES WITH A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE: DATA FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS ADRC
BRAIN REGISTRY, 1984–1993

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Table 20-3
BEDSIDE CLASSIFICATION OF THE DEMENTIAS

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Table 20-4
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIC CATEGORIES OF MEMORY

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Table 20-5
CLASSIFICATION OF THE AMNESIC STATES

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

איזה תפקוד לקוי במיוחד בחולה עם דמנציה של מחלת אלצהיימר לעומת חולה עם דמנציה של מחלת פרקינסון?
א. Attention
ב. Insight
ג. Long term memory
ד. Praxis

A

פרקסיס

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

כנראה מכוונים ל
subcortical dementia

FTD - לא התשובה בגלל שהמטופלת משתפת פעולה Behavioral Variant FTLD Patients under consideration with behavioral changes present with personality and related abnormalities that include apathy, disinhibition, perseveration, poor judgment and limited ability for abstraction, loss of empathy, bizarre affect, eating disorders, and a general disengagement. Insight is almost always impaired and some subjects become euphoric or display repetitive compulsive behaviors. An initial diagnosis of depression has been common. Other psychiatric symptoms such as sociopathic and disinhibited behavior with aspects of hyperorality and hyperphagia may predominate late in the illness. Utilization behavior (the compulsive use of implements and tools put before the patient) is also displayed in advanced cases.
* AD- לא מתאים בגלל שיש רק הפרעה קלה בזכרון.
* DLBD- לא מתאים כי אין שום תיאור מכוון
* pseudodementia- לא מתאים כי אין תיאור של דכאון.
Clues to the diagnosis of depression are the presence of frequent sighing, crying, loss of energy, psychomotor underactivity or its opposite, agitation with pacing, persecutory delusions, persistent hypochondriasis, and a history of depression in the past and in the family. Although depressed patients may complain of memory failure, scrutiny of their complaints will show that they can usually remember the details of their illness and that little or no qualitative change in other intellectual functions has taken place. Their difficulty is either a lack of energy and interest or preoccupation with personal worries and anxiety, which prevents the focusing of attention on anything except their own problems. Even during mental tests, their performance may be impaired by “emotional blocking,” in much the same way as the worried student blocks during an examination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

מטופלת מגיעה למיון עם אובדן זכרון לטווח קצר שהופיע באופן פתאומי. חוזרת על שאלות. אחרי כמה שעות הכל חולף והיא חוזרת לעצמה אבל לא זוכרת את האירוע עצמו. מה יחדד את האבחנה המשוערת
1. אחרי יומיים בבדיקת DWI תופיע ירידה בדיפוזיה באיזורים היפוקמפליים
2. גלים חדים טמפורלים בEEG
3. פלאוציטוזיס בניקור מותני

A

ירידה בדיפוזייה אחרי יומיים בבדיקת DWI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

המבנים החשובים ביותר לזכרון הם:
1. מאמילרי בודיס ופורניקס
2. היפוקמפוס ודיאנצפלון
3. פורניקס ואמיגדלה

A

היפוקמפוס ודיאנצפלון

Two anatomic structures are of central importance in memory function: the diencephalon (specifically the medial portions of the dorsomedial and adjacent midline nuclei of the thalamus) and the hippocampal formations of the medial temporal lobes including their associated structures (dentate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

בן 14 טופל בנוירוכירורגיה בשל מפרצת מדממת של
Anterior communicating artery
לאחר הניתוח נמצאה הפרעת זיכרון. פגיעה באיזה מבנה אנטומי עלולה להביא לתופעה זו?
א. anterior septal gray matter
ב. hippocampus
ג. mamillary bodies
ד. thalamus

A

anterior septal gray matter

damage of the anterior septal gray matter; a cluster of midline nuclei at the base of the frontal lobes, just below the interventricular septum and including the septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens, diagonal band of Broca; and paraventricular hypothalamic gray matter. The case of infarction of this region. The amnesic syndrome, usually not permanent, that follows a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm is a consequence of disruption of these nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

הופעה פתאומית של אמנזיה בעלת משך זמן קצר מאפיינת את כל הבאים פרט ל:
1. temporal lobe seizures
2. post concussion state
3. tga
4. hysteria
5. wernicke korsakoff’s syndrome

A

wernicke korsakoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

מהו האחוז של החולים שיתקדמו תוך שנה, ממצב של mild cognitive impairment לדמנציה?
א. 10-20%
ב. 30-40%
ג. 50-60%
ד. 70-80%

A

10-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Figure 20-1. Schematic definitions of memory systems (see text). (From Budson and Price with permission.)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Figure 20-2. MRI showing a tiny area of restricted diffusion in the left hippocampus, 36 hours after an episode of transient global amnesia.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Figure 20-3. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). (Copyright Z. Nasreddine, MD. Reproduced by permission. Copies available at www.mocatest.org.)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly