2- Fluid, Electrolyte, A/B Balance (40)

Question 0

Amount of fluid intake and loss in 24hrs

Answer 0

1,500 x - 3,500 mL Average = 2,500-2,600 mL with 1,500 being from urine.
Intake and output should be evenly balanced. May not occur over 24 hr period but should normally be achieved over 2-3 day period

Question 1

Functions of water (in the body)

Answer 1

1. Provides a medium for transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from cells
2. Medium for transporting hormones, enzymes, platelets, R and W cells
3. Facilitate intracellular metabolism and proper cellular functioning
4. Solvent for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
5. Help maintain normal body temperature
6. Facilitate digestion and promote elimination
7. Act as a tissue lubricant

Question 2

Electrolytes

Answer 2

Substances that are capable of breaking into particles called Ions.

ECF electrolytes= sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
ICF electrolytes= potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

NonElectrolytes- urea, glucose

Question 3

Ions

Answer 3

Atom or molecule carrying an electrical charge.

Cations- positive : Na, K, H, Ca, Mg
Anions- negative : chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate.

Question 4

Solvents and Solutes

Answer 4

Solvent- Liquids that hold a substance in solution. (Water)

Solute- substance that are dissolved in a solution.
Electrolytes

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

SOLVENT (water) moves from an area with fewer solutes to an area with greater amount of solutes.

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

Concentration of particles in a solution.

“Pulling power”

Question 7

Isotonic

Answer 7

Solution that has the same concentration of particles (osmolarity) as plasma

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

Greater osmolarity than plasma. Water moves out of cells and into the intraday ulnar compartment causing cells to shrink.

Question 9

Hypotonic

Answer 9

Solution has less osmolarity than plasma. Moves out of intravascular space and into intracellular fluid causing cells to swell

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

SOLUTES move freely from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Requires energy.
Movement of substances through a cell membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 12

Filtration

Answer 12

Passage of fluid through permeable membrane. Fluid moves from high pressure to low pressure.

Filtration pressure is the difference between colloid osmotic pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 13

The pushing force inside capillaries.

Question 14

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 14

The pulling force. plasma proteins in the intravascular space or plasma facilitate this reabsorption by “pulling” the fluid back into capillaries.

Question 15

Acid, base, ph

Answer 15

Acid - substance containing H+ that can be released. Carbonic acid. 7 less H+

pH - acid/ base balance.