19 - Shoulder and elbow problems

Question 1

what is most common cause of shoulder/ elbow problem in teenagers/20s?

Answer 1

fractures, instability

Question 2

what is most common cause of shoulder/ elbow problem in 30/40s?

Answer 2

rotator cuff and capsulitis

Question 3

what is most common cause of shoulder/ elbow problem in 50/60s?

Answer 3

impingement and acromioclavicular joint

Question 4

what is most common cause of shoulder/ elbow problem in 70+?

Answer 4

degenerative rotator cuff and joint

Question 5

upper limb fractures - how do they occur, old vs. young?

Answer 5

elderly - osteoporotic injuries, young - high energy injuries

Question 6

most mobile joint in the joint?

Answer 6

shoulder

Question 7

4 stages of treating a shoulder fracture?

Answer 7

manipulation, immobilisation, physiotherapy, surgery

Question 8

Bigliani definition of subacromial impingement?

Answer 8

Pain and dysfunction resulting from any pathology which decreases the volume of the subacromial space or increases the size of the contents

Question 9

3 treatments for subacromial impingement?

Answer 9

Subacromial Steroid injection, Physiotherapy, Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

Question 10

what is adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 10

frozen shoulder

Question 11

2 types of adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 11

1y (idiopathic) and 2y

Question 12

how do we diagnose adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 12

clinically

Question 13

how do we treat early and late stages of adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 13

early - steroid injection, later - surgery

Question 14

2 types of rotator cuff tear?

Answer 14

traumatic, degenerative

Question 15

how can we treat acute rotator cuff tears?

Answer 15

early surgery

Question 16

how can we treat chronic degenerative tears?

Answer 16

surgery if symptomatic

Question 17

what is treatment of rotator cuffs dependent on?

Answer 17

size, time of presentation, age

Question 18

3 types of arthritis in shoulder?

Answer 18

Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory arthritis
Post-traumatic arthritis

Question 19

what is paramount in shoulder arthritis?

Answer 19

rotator cuff integrity

Question 20

when are fractures/ dislocations of the elbow common?

Answer 20

in young people

Question 21

when are tendinopathies of the elbow common?

Answer 21

in middle age

Question 22

when can degenerative disease of the elbow be seen?

Answer 22

in the elderly

Question 23

when can cubital tunnel syndrome be seen?

Answer 23

any age

Question 24

what is the difference between golfer’s elbow and tennis elbow?

Answer 24

tennis - pain is on outside of forearm, golfer’s - pain on the inside of forearm