18 - Osteoporosis Flashcards
define osteoporosis?
metabolic bone disease characterised by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk
what is the major risk associated with osteoporosis?
fracture risk
what tool can be used to calculate fracture risk?
FRAX questionnaire
who is the Q fracture applicable to?
those aged 30-85, men and women
name 3 variables in the Q fracture?
cardiovascular risk, falls, tricyclic antidepressants
what scanner can be used?
Prodigy scanner/ DXA scans
what are fracture risk assessment tools used to assess?
whether someone is at risk of osteoporosis/ not
when is the risk considered significant?
> 10% risk of osteoporotic fracture over 10 years
who should always be sent for a DXA scan regardless of their fracture risk %?
those on oral steroids/ suffer a low trauma fracture
how many women > 50 years will have osteoporotic fracture before they die?
1/2
how many men > 50 years will have osteoporotic fracture before they die?
1/5
M:F?
F>M
name 4 endocrine causes of osteoporosis?
Thyrotoxicosis, Hyper/Hypo-parathyroidim,
Cushings, Hyperprolactinaemia
name 4 rheumatic causes of osteoporosis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
name 2 Inflammatory GI causes of osteoporosis?
UC and Crohn’s
name 4 liver causes of osteoporosis?
1y biliary cholangitis, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, Hep C
name 4 malabsorption causes of osteoporosis?
Cystic Fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, coeliac disease, whipples disease
name 4 medications which cause osteoporosis?
steroids, PPI, aromatase inhibitors, warfarin
when is our peak bone mass?
~ 30 years old
when does accelerated loss of bone mass occur in women?
menopause
what is the risk for those who have already had a fracture?
increased - should be offered a DXA bone scan
4 ways in which we can help prevent fractures?
Minimise risk factors, Ensure good calcium and Vitamin D status, Falls prevention strategies, Medications
which medication can be used to decrease the likelihood of fractures?
HRT
3 increased risks associated with HRT?
blood clots, breast cancer, heart disease (stroke)
