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MSK > 12 - Nerve palsies in limbs > Flashcards

12 - Nerve palsies in limbs Flashcards

1
Q

define dermatome?

A

sensory area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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2
Q

what results in axial lines?

A

embryological development of limb buds growing out from body wall

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3
Q

is there overlap between dermatomes?

A

adjacent dermatomes = yes, adjacent pre/post- axial dermatomes = no

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4
Q

why are lower limb dermatomes distorted?

A

rotation and extension, and borrowing of the skin from trunk

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5
Q

rhyme for remembering S1-S4?

A

stand on S1, sleep on S2, sit on S3 and shit on S4

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6
Q

define Hilton’s Law?

A

The nerves crossing a joint supply the muscles acting on it and the joint itself

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7
Q

which 3 nerves supply the hip joint?

A

obturator nerve (predominately), femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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8
Q

define myotome?

A

group of muscles supplied by one segment of spinal cord

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9
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

large network of nerves supplying the upper limb, extending from the cervical spine to the axilla

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10
Q

name 5 divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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11
Q

where would damage to C5, 6 affect?

A

deltoid and shoulder muscles, brachialis and biceps

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12
Q

what palsy causes porter’s tip position?

A

Erb’s palsy

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13
Q

describe the actions of the shoulder, elbow, forearm and wrist in porter’s tip?

A

shoulder adduction, elbow extension, forearm pronation, wrist flexion

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14
Q

what does klumpke’s paralysis look like?

A

clawed hand

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15
Q

when is the axillary nerve at risk of damage?

A

surgical neck of humerus

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16
Q

what motor deficit is associated with axillary n damage?

A

loss of shoulder (deltoid) abduction

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17
Q

what sensory deficit is associated with axillary n damage?

A

badge area

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18
Q

what are the 5 nerve roots of the radial n?

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

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19
Q

which artery is the radial n closely associated?

A

profunda brachii artery

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20
Q

between which 2 muscles does the radial nerve enter the forearm?

A

brachioradialis and brachialis

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21
Q

which nerves are at risk in saturday night palsy?

A

axillary and radial nerves

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22
Q

when is the radial n at risk?

A

spiral groove of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum

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23
Q

what motor deficit is associated with radial n damage?

A

wrist drop

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24
Q

what sensory deficit is associated with radial n damage?

A

1st web space dorsally

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25
Q

3 nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

C7, 8, T1

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26
Q

which artery is the median n closely associated?

A

brachial a

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27
Q

where does the median n enter the forearm?

A

by passing between the 2 heads of the pronator teres

28
Q

what is at risk with damage to the median n?

A

volar aspect of the wrist (and cubital fossa)

29
Q

name 2 complications associated with damage to the median n?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist lacerations

30
Q

what motor deficit is associated with median n damage?

A

monkey hand (thenar wasting), pointing finger

31
Q

what sensory deficit is associated with median n damage?

A

volar aspect thumb

32
Q

3 nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C7, 8, T1

33
Q

which arteries is the ulnar n closely associated?

A

superior collateral a and ulnar a

34
Q

where does the ulnar n enter the forearm?

A

passing between the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

where is at risk with damage to the ulnar n?

A

behind the medial epicondyle of humerus, wrist and canal of guyon

36
Q

what motor deficit is associated with ulnar n damage?

A

claw hand, hypothenar and 1st dorsal interosseous wasting

37
Q

what sensory deficit is associated with ulnar n damage?

A

little finger

38
Q

where is the lumbar plexus located?

A

lies on surface of quadratus lumborum and within body of psoas muscle

39
Q

where do most major nerves of the hip exit the pelvis?

A

the sciatic foramen

40
Q

which nerves of the hip do not exit the pelvis via the sciatic foramen?

A

genitofemoral & ilioinguinal, femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous and obturator nerves

41
Q

3 nerve roots of the femoral n?

A

L2-4

42
Q

what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral nerve

43
Q

how does the femoral n leave the pelvis?

A

passes through the psoas muscle and exits pelvis under the inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral triangle

44
Q

what is in the femoral triangle?

A

femoral a, v, and lymphatic channels

45
Q

what does the femoral n supply?

A

quadriceps muscles in anterior thigh

46
Q

where does the femoral v terminate?

A

in long fine sensory branch

47
Q

2 nerve roots of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

L2,3

48
Q

where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lie?

A

lies on surface of iliacus muscle

49
Q

how does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve exit the pelvis?

A

under lateral end of inguinal ligament

50
Q

what is the function of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

purely sensory to lateral aspect thigh

51
Q

what causes meralgia paraesthetica?

A

compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

52
Q

nerve roots of the sciatic n?

A

L4-S3

53
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic n

54
Q

what is the main branch of the sacral plexus?

A

sciatic n

55
Q

how does the sciatic n exit the pelvis?

A

through sciatic foramen below piriformis muscle

56
Q

to which muscle does the sciatic nerve run deep?

A

gluteus maximus

57
Q

which nerve supplies the hamstring muscles?

A

sciatic n

58
Q

what does the sciatic n supply?

A

hamstring muscles, part of adductor magnus, and all lower leg and foot muscles via terminal branches

59
Q

3 occasions when the sciatic n is at risk?

A

posterior dislocation of hip, IM injections, surgery

60
Q

nerve roots of the common fibular nerve?

A

L4-S2

61
Q

what is the smaller and lateral branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

common fibular n

62
Q

what does deficit of common fibular nerve cause?

A

foot drop and slapping gait

63
Q

most commonly injured nerve in lower limb?

A

common fibular nerve

64
Q

where does the common fibular nerve lie?

A

passes around the lateral aspect of the neck of the fibula

65
Q

what n is the communicating branch to the sural n?

A

common fibular n

66
Q

which nerve divides to give rise to the superficial and deep fibular nerves?

A

common fibular nerve

MSK (26 decks)

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