17.1 + 17.2 Simple Harmonic Motion, Oscillations Flashcards
define an oscillating system
a system within which a body is continually displaced backwards and forwards about a mean position
which variables can be defined for every oscillating system?
- equilibrium point (O): rest point
- Amplitude (A): maximum displacement about O
- Time period (T): time taken to complete one oscillation
- phase difference
what exactly is one oscillation?
going back to the same variable:
* same dispacement
* same velocity (same direction)
* same acceleration
what are free oscillations?
no external forces act on the system
amplitude is constant
what are damped oscillations?
an external force acts on the system to transfer energy out
amplitude slowly decreases to zero
what is resonance?
an external, periodic fore acts on a system to transfer energy in
amplitude quickly increases to rapid amount
what is phase difference?
the fraction of a cycle an oscillating system is currently at /
* * (another body) fraction of cycle in respect to another oscillating system
what gives rise to an oscillating system?
a force that continually acts towards the equilibrium position of the system
restoring force.the nature of this force dictates the type of oscilation
define simple harmonic motion
an oscillating system, where the acceleration is proportional to it’s displacment from equilibrium and always in the opposite direction to
what is the assumption made regarding the restoring force of SHM ?
restoring force is directly proprtional to displacement of the body, from equilibrium position
describe the vecloity, acceleration and displacment at the two positions
acceleration is always opposite to velocity
where is the restoring force coming from in this scenario?
