11.3 + 11.4 Reflection, refraction, diffraction, polarisation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is reflection?

A

when a wave changes direction at a boundary between two media, remaining in the original medium
* wavelength, frequnecy do not change

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2
Q

what is a wavefront?

A

Lines of constant phase

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3
Q

what is refracation?

A

when a wave changes speed as it changes direction at the boundary of two media
* frequnecy the same
* wavespeed and wavelength change

will always be partial reflection

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4
Q

what happens when waves moves to denser mediums

A
  • normal waves: speed up, move away from the normal
  • EM waves slow down, move towards the normal
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5
Q

what is diffraction?

A

the spreading out of a wave front as it passes through a gap
* hyeogens principle: when a wave is disturbed each point where there is a disturbance becomes a source for a spherical wave

maximim difraction when gap is same size as incident wavelength

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6
Q

What is polarisation ?

A

Can only be done to transverse waves, applying a filter to light

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7
Q

What is a plane polarised light?

A

A transverse wave where oscillations are limited to only one plane

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8
Q

What happens when two polarised filters are perfectly aligned ?

A
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9
Q

What happens when two Polaroid filters are at 90° to each other?

A
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10
Q

Describe the use of Polaroid sun glasses

A
  1. light is horizontally polarsied (from water/metal surfaces)
  2. sunglasses have vertically alligned filtesr blobking all this polarised light
  3. this reduces the bright glare
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11
Q

What happens to the wavefronts in diffraction?

A
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12
Q

Describe refraction in terms of wavefronts

A

Part of wavefronts change speed first causing the change in direction, when at an angle to the normal

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13
Q

What are the refraction rules for EM waves and mechanical waves?

A
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14
Q

what are the rules for diffraction?

A
  • wave speed, wavelength: do not change
  • the longer the wavelength the more the wave spreads out
  • the smaler the gap relative to the wavelength, the greater the diffraction
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15
Q

what is polarisation?

A
  • a property of transverse waves
  • defines the plane of oscillation of the wave
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16
Q

what is the plane of polarisation of an EM wave?

A

the plane in which the electric field vibrates

17
Q

how is light (EM waves) polarised with filters?

A
  • plane of allignment of the filter is the plane in which E-field oscillations pass through
  • transmitted light is polarised in the same plane

allows all components of waves in that certain direction not just E fiel

18
Q

what is unpolarised light?

A
  • **wave trains **(a group of waves of equal or similar wavelengths travelling in the same direction)
19
Q

What is Malus Law?

A
20
Q

how is light polarised by reflection?

A
  • on metal surfaces and water
  • polarised in the horizontal plane
21
Q

How do polarising filters work?

A
22
Q
A
  • unpolarised light from lamp
  • p1 polarises the light in the vertical plane
  • p2 polarises light int the horizontal plane
  • but there is no component of vertically plane polarised light that lays in the horizontal direction
23
Q
A
24
Q

when in the maximum intensity emitted from 2 polarising filtres?

A

when they have no effect ( are alligned in the same plane)

25
Q

Polarising filters MCQ

A
26
Q
A
27
Q

What is the wavelength formula?

A