14.1 + 14.2 + 14.3 Solids Liquids Gases, Temperature, Internal energy Flashcards
Define thermal equilibrium
A state of no net flow of thermal energy.
A state in which 2 or more regions have the same temperature
What is a triple point?
A specific temperature and pressure where the 3 states of matter can exist in thermal equilibrium
What is the triple point of water?
0.01°C and 0.61kPa
What is the Zeroth Law?
If A and B are in thermal equilibrium, then all three have the same temperature
What is the Celsius scale?
A scale that measures temperature and is defined by the freezing and boiling point of water. (0°c - 100°c)
What is the absolute scale of temperature?
A scale that measures temperature based on absolute zero and the triple point of water. Units are kelvin
How do you convert between centi grade and kelvin?
T(K) = T(°C) + 273
What is the kinetic model of solids liquids and gas?
What is Brownian motion?
The continuous movement of particles suspended in a fluid, visible under a microscope.
Collisions from other molecules change the momentum constantly giving the random motion
Define internal energy
The sum of random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules/particles of that system
What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system
What is absolute zero?
(0K) minimum (non zero) internal energy, when kinetic energy =0 and potential energy is minimum (cannot be zero)
