17α The Passive Voice: -θη- 1st Aorist Passive and -θη- 1st Future Passive Flashcards
The Passive Voice: -θη- 1st Aorist Passive
To form the aorist passive, most verbs add -θη-/-θε- to the verb stem, with the 3rd person singular ending in -θη
-θη- 1st aorist passive forms of λύω:
ἡ ναῦς λυθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῶν ναυτῶν ἔπλει διὰ τὰ κύματα.
The ship, having been cast off (loosened) by the sailors, was sailing through the waves.
The 1st aorist passive participle is based on the -θε- stem as follows:
The Passive Voice: -θη- 1st Future Passive
To form the -θη- 1st future passive, add -θη- to the verb stem and then add the same letters as for the future middle. Here is an example:
εὐθὺς γὰρ λυθήσεται ἡ ναῦς.
For the ship will be cast off (loosened) at once.
Stems ending in β, π, γ, and κ aspirate the last consonant in forming the -θη- 1st aorist passive and the -θη- 1st future passive
Stems ending in δ, θ, and τ (dentals) and ζ change the last consonant to σ
A number of verbs insert σ after the verb stem
Contract verbs lengthen the stem vowel
Note: βάλλω [βλη-] > ἐβλήθην; ἐλαύνω [ἐλα-] > ἠλάθην; εὑρίσκω [εὑρε-] > εὑρέθην or ηὑρέθην; and ὁράω [ὀπ-] > ὤφθην.