17 Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945-Present

Question 1

United Nations

Answer 1

world organization formed to prevent war

Question 2

Iron Curtain

Answer 2

division between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War; coined by Winston Churchill

Question 3

containment

Answer 3

policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism

Question 4

Truman Doctrine

Answer 4

policy of giving aid to countries threatened by communism

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

plan to give aid to European countries to help them recover from WWII

Question 6

Berlin Airlift

Answer 6

flying of food and supplies into West Berlin by Britain and the US to break a Soviet blockade

Question 7

Cold War

Answer 7

state of tension and mistrust between the US and the Soviet Union after WWII

Question 8

NATO

Answer 8

military alliance including the US, Canada, and several countries in Western Europe

Question 9

Warsaw Pact

Answer 9

military alliance between the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe

Question 10

brinkmanship

Answer 10

willingness on the part of the superpowers to go the brink, or edge, of war

Question 11

Mao Zedong

Answer 11

communist leader who defeated the Nationalists and led the People’s Republic of China

Question 12

Jiang Jieshi

Answer 12

Nationalist leader who set up a new government in Taiwan

Question 13

Taiwan

Answer 13

also known as the Republic of China (ROC)

Question 14

commune

Answer 14

large farm setup in China in which many families work the land and live together

Question 15

Cultural Revolution

Answer 15

uprising in China between 1966 and 1976 that aimed to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

Question 16

Red Guards

Answer 16

young Chinese students who carried out the Cultural Revolution

Question 17

38th Parallel

Answer 17

line that separated North Korea and South Korea

Question 18

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 18

leader of the UN forces during the Korean War

Question 19

Seoul

Answer 19

capital of South Korea

Question 20

Yalu River

Answer 20

natural border between China and North Korea

Question 21

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 21

Vietnamese nationalist who drove the French out of Vietnam and who led North Vietnam

Question 22

domino theory

Answer 22

idea that the fall of one country to communism would lead other countries to become communist

Question 23

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 23

leader of the anticommunist government of South Vietnam

Question 24

Vietcong

Answer 24

communist rebels in South Vietnam who were supported by North Vietnam

Question 25

vietnamization

Answer 25

Nixon's plan for gradually withdrawing US troops from Vietnam and replacing them with South Vietnamese troops

Question 26

Khmer Rouge

Answer 26

Communist rebels who set up a brutal government in Cambodia

Question 27

KGB

Answer 27

Russian secret police

Question 28

Third World

Answer 28

developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Question 29

nonaligned nations

Answer 29

countries that did not take sides with either the US or the Soviet Union

Question 30

Fidel Castro

Answer 30

communist leader of Cuba

Question 31

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 31

leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin

Question 32

John F. Kennedy

Answer 32

president of the US from 1961 to 1963

Question 33

Anastazio Somoza

Answer 33

Nicaraguan dictator

Question 34

Daniel Ortega

Answer 34

leader of communist rebels in Nicaragua

Question 35

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Answer 35

Muslim leader who overthrew the Shah of Iran

Question 36

Imre Nagy

Answer 36

Hungarian leader

Question 37

Alexander Dubček

Answer 37

Czechoslovakian leader

Question 38

Lyndon Johnson

Answer 38

president of the US from 1963 to 1969

Question 39

Richard M. Nixon

Answer 39

president of the US from 1969 to 1974

Question 40

SALT

Answer 40

talks to limit nuclear arms in the US and the Soviet Union

Question 41

Ronald Reagan

Answer 41

president of the US from 1981 to 1989

Question 42

Mutually Assured Destruction

Answer 42

the doctrine that a universally catastrophic nuclear war was not worth starting by either side

Question 43

glasnost

Answer 43

"openness" instead of government secrecy

Question 44

perestroika

Answer 44

"restructuring" of the Soviet political and economic system

Question 45

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 45

persecuted alleged Communists in the US

Question 46

Red Scare

Answer 46

hysteria surrounding the presence of Communists in the US