05 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800

Question 1

Philip II

Answer 1

Spanish king who took control of Portugal but failed in his invasion of England

Question 2

absolute monarch

Answer 2

king or queen with complete control

Question 3

divine right

Answer 3

the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative

Question 4

Edict of Nantes

Answer 4

order that gave Huguenots the right to live in peace in Catholic France; issued by Henry IV and canceled by Louis XIV

Question 5

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 5

chief minister of France during Louis XIII’s reign who reduced the power of the nobles and strengthened the power of the monarchy

Question 6

skepticism

Answer 6

belief that nothing could be known for certain

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

French king who was an absolute ruler

Question 8

intendant

Answer 8

French government officials who collected taxes and administered justice

Question 9

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 9

Chief Minister of Finance under Louis XIV whose policies of mercantilism caused France’s economy to grow and prosper

Question 10

War of Spanish Succession

Answer 10

war fought by other European nations against France and Spain when those two states tried to unite their thrones

Question 11

Thirty Years’ War

Answer 11

conflict beginning in 1618 over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families

Question 12

Maria Theresa

Answer 12

empress of Austria whose main enemy was Prussia

Question 13

Frederick the Great

Answer 13

leader of Prussia who sought to increase its territory

Question 14

Seven Years’ War

Answer 14

conflict beginning in 1756 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, and Russia, and other countries

Question 15

Ivan the Terrible

Answer 15

ruler who added lands to Russia, gave it a code of laws, and also used his secret police to execute “traitors”

Question 16

boyar

Answer 16

Russian noble who owned land

Question 17

Peter the Great

Answer 17

important leader of Russia who started westernization

Question 18

westernization

Answer 18

use of western Europe as a model of change

Question 19

Charles I

Answer 19

king of England who was tried and executed

Question 20

English Civil War

Answer 20

conflict beginning in 1642 between the Royalists, or Cavaliers, and the Puritan supporters of Parliament

Question 21

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 21

leader of the Puritans who ruled England after the English Civil War

Question 22

Restoration

Answer 22

period after the monarchy was resumed in England

Question 23

habeas corpus

Answer 23

law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being brought before a judge

Question 24

Glorious Revolution

Answer 24

overthrow of King James II (a Catholic) and replacement with William and Mary (Protestants) in 1688

Question 25

constitutional monarchy

Answer 25

government in which laws limit the monarch’s power

Question 26

cabinet

Answer 26

a group of government ministers that was a link between the monarch and Parliament

Question 27

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 27

author of Don Quixote

Question 28

Rembrandt van Rijn

Answer 28

painter of The Night Watch

Question 29

Versailles

Answer 29

the magnificent palace built for Louis XIV

Question 30

Michel de Montaigne

Answer 30

writer who became a skeptic and developed the essay form

Question 31

Henry IV

Answer 31

a Protestant prince who became a Catholic king

Question 32

Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 32

minister to Louix XIV whose policies drove nobles to rebel against the boy king

Question 33

czar

Answer 33

means “caesar”

Question 34

St. Petersburg

Answer 34

Russian seaport built to create water routes to Europe

Question 35

English Bill of Rights

Answer 35

made clear the limits on royal power after the Glorious Revolution

Question 36

James I

Answer 36

king of Scotland who inherited Elizabeth I’s throne