08 Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West, 1789–1900 Flashcards
peninsulare
in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain
creole
in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents
mulatto
persons of mixed European and African ancestry
Simón Bolívar
leader of the Venezuelan independence movement
José de San Martín
leader who helped win independence for Chile and Argentina
Miguel Hidalgo
priest who began the revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico
José María Morelos
leader of the Mexican revolt after Hildalgo was defeated
conservatives
in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans—mainly wealthy landowners and nobles—who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe
liberals
in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans—mainly middle-class business leaders and merchants—who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments
radicals
in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people
nationalism
the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation—that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history—rather than to a king or empire
nation-state
an independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity
Balkans
the region of southeastern Europe now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia
Louis-Napoleon
winner of the presidential election in France in 1848; later emperor
Alexander II
ruler of Russia who freed the serfs
