01 European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300-1600

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

period of rebirth of art and learning in Europe lasting from about 1300 to 1600

Question 2

humanism

Answer 2

focus on human potential and achievements

Question 3

secular

Answer 3

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

Question 4

patrons

Answer 4

people who financially supported artists

Question 5

perspective

Answer 5

art technique that represents three dimensions in two dimensions

Question 6

vernacular

Answer 6

use of native language instead of classical Latin

Question 7

Boccaccio

Answer 7

wrote the Decameron, a series of realistic, sometimes off-color stories

Question 8

Niccoló Machiavelli

Answer 8

wrote The Prince, a guide for maintaining rule

Question 9

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 9

wrote The Praise of Folly and believed in a Christianity that emphasized the heart, not outward rituals or rules

Question 10

Thomas More

Answer 10

wrote Utopia, about an imaginary ideal society where greed, war, and conflict do not exist

Question 11

Christine de Pizan

Answer 11

wrote many books and defended the education of women

Question 12

William Shakespeare

Answer 12

famous English playwright

Question 13

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 13

German craftsman who developed the printing press

Question 14

indulgence

Answer 14

release from punishments due for a sin

Question 15

Reformation

Answer 15

16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches

Question 16

Lutherans

Answer 16

members of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

Question 17

Protestants

Answer 17

members of a non-Catholic Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation

Question 18

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 18

agreement in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

Question 19

annul

Answer 19

to cancel or to put an end to

Question 20

Henry VIII

Answer 20

made himself the head of the Church (instead of the pope) in 1534 in order to divorce his wife and marry another

Question 21

Elizabeth I

Answer 21

made the head of the Church of England in 1559 by Parliament

Question 22

Anglican

Answer 22

relating to the Church of England

Question 23

Huldrych Zwingli

Answer 23

Protestant reformer from Zurich, Switzerland

Question 24

John Calvin

Answer 24

published the Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536; became the leader of Geneva, Switzerland in 1541

Question 25

predestination

Answer 25

doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people willl be saved

Question 26

Calvinism

Answer 26

religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin

Question 27

theocracy

Answer 27

government controlled by religious leaders

Question 28

Presbyterians

Answer 28

members of a Protestant church governed by elders and founded by John Knox

Question 29

Anabaptists

Answer 29

members of a Protestant group during the Reformation who believed only adults should be baptized and that church and state should be separate

Question 30

Marguerite of Navarre

Answer 30

protected John Calvin from being executed for his beliefs while he lived in France

Question 31

Katherina von Bora

Answer 31

argued with Martin Luther about the role of women in marriage

Question 32

Catholic Reformation

Answer 32

16th-century movement within the Catholic church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal

Question 33

Jesuits

Answer 33

members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Question 34

Council of Trent

Answer 34

meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers