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KICS W2 > 07 The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815 > Flashcards

07 The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815 Flashcards

1
Q

Old Regime

A

the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution

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2
Q

estate

A

one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution—the First Estate consisting of the clergy; the Second Estate, of the nobility; and the Third Estate, of the rest of the population

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3
Q

Louis XVI

A

weak king who came to the French throne in 1774

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4
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

unpopular queen; wife of Louis XVI

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5
Q

Estates-General

A

an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France

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6
Q

National Assembly

A

a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

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7
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

a pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

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8
Q

Great Fear

A

a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789

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9
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

a French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the Constitution of 1791

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10
Q

émigrés

A

people who leave their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution

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11
Q

sans-culottes

A

in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end to food shortages

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12
Q

Jacobin

A

member of the Jacobin Club, a radical political organization

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13
Q

guillotine

A

a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution

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14
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of France’s past monarchy and nobility

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15
Q

Reign of Terror

A

the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed

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16
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

military leader who seized power in France in 1804

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17
Q

coup d’état

A

a sudden seizure of political power in a nation

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18
Q

plebiscite

A

a direct vote in which a country’s people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal

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19
Q

lycée

A

a government-run public school in France

20
Q

concordat

A

a formal agreement—especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs

21
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

22
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson

23
Q

blockade

A

the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region

24
Q

Continental System

A

Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy

25
Q

guerrilla

A

a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country

26
Q

Peninsular War

A

a conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon’s French troops out of Spain

27
Q

scorched-earth policy

A

the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land

28
Q

Waterloo

A

battle in Belgium that was Napoleon’s final defeat

29
Q

Hundred Days

A

the brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France

30
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

a series of meetings in 1814–1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon

31
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

key leader at the Congress of Vienna

32
Q

balance of power

A

a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others

33
Q

legitimacy

A

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule

34
Q

Holy Alliance

A

a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna

35
Q

Concert of Europe

A

a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions

36
Q

Bastille

A

a prison in Paris

37
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

committee led by Robespierre that tried “enemies of the Revolution” and had them executed

38
Q

conservatives

A

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans—mainly wealthy landowners and nobles—who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe

39
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A

French revolutionary statement guaranteeing rights such as liberty and property

40
Q

radicals

A

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

41
Q

liberals

A

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans—mainly middle-class business leaders and merchants—who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments

42
Q

Versailles

A

site of the extremely luxurious palace of the kings of France

43
Q

7.1 Why were members of the Third Estate dissatisfied with life under the Old Regime?

A

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44
Q

7.2 What major reforms did the National Assembly introduce?

A

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45
Q

7.3 How did Napoleon become a hero in France?

A

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46
Q

7.4 Why was Napoleon’s delay of the retreat from Moscow such a great blunder?

A

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47
Q

7.5 What were the three points of Metternich’s plan for Europe?

A

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KICS W2 (18 decks)

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