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U-World > 16 > Flashcards

16 Flashcards

1
Q

disseminated Histoplasmosis

A

HSM (with calcifications) and tongue lesions (often)

Lung nodules similar to TB

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2
Q

complement fixation, immunodiffusion

A

serological tests to measure Abs

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3
Q

young (otherwise healthy)
fatigue, progressive dyspnea, atypical chest pain, unexplained syncope.
leads to hypertrophy and/or dilation of right ventricle (cor pulmonale)
Look for thickened RV

A

PAH

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4
Q

Birth defect study: women who had a baby with a birth defect are more likely to remember exposures than mothers who had a normal baby

A

Recall Bias

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5
Q

Peyronie disease

A

excess collagen formation within tunica albuginea = pain and hook dick

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6
Q

JAK2 Inhibitor approved for tx of primary myelofibrosis

A

Ruxolitinib

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7
Q

Drugs that cause hypersensitivity myocarditis

A

diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ) and antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin)

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8
Q

Alcohol fixed neutrophils…

A

think ANCA

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9
Q

CD16 and CD56+
Do not require thymus for maturation and are present in athymic patients
Activated by INF-gamma and IL-12

A

NK cells

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10
Q

SMA and IMA anastomosis

A

marginal artery (of Drummond)> mesenteric meandering artery (arc of Riolan)

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11
Q

Vinyl chloride, arsenic or thorotrast exposure

A

hepatic angiosarcoma

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12
Q

Results from failure of vitelline (or omphalomesenteric duct) to obliterate. Toddlers may have GI bleeding due to ectopic gastric mucosa

A

meckel diverticulum

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13
Q

Well tolerated antirheumatic drug used in RA and SLE. ADR= irreversible retinopathy. Patients must have regular eye exams!

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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14
Q

Tetracycline antibiotic with weak antirheumatic activity. ADR: photosensitivity

A

Minocycline

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15
Q

Medical therapy Conn’s Syndrome

A

Aldosterone antagonist such as spironolactone or eplerenone

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16
Q

SAH vasospasm

A

Autoregulation impairred. Do a Transcranial color doppler to see

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17
Q

Most feared comp. of SAH

A

rebleed

18
Q

Proteasomes

A

degrade nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins

19
Q

Lysosomes

A

degrade cellular organelles and Extracellular proteins

20
Q

RNA interference (base pairing with complementary strands)

A

Posttranscriptional gene siliencing
Translation repressed (imperfect)
mRNA cleavage (perfect)
miRNA (mutations can cause cancers) and Si RNA (c-MYC therapy)

21
Q

Normal epithelium to early adenoma

A

APC mutation

22
Q

Early Adenoma–>Late (increase in size)

A

K-Ras Mutation (proto-onco) - uncontrolled cell proliferation

23
Q

Malignant transformation of adenoma in carcinoma

A

mutation of two genes required: DCC and p53 (anti-oncogene mutation)

24
Q

BRCA (anti-oncogene)

A

supresses cell cycle

25
Q

WT-1 (tumor suppressor/anti-onco)

A

Wilms tumor

26
Q

N-myc oncogene

A

Increased number of copies of gene (amplification) Neuroblastoma

27
Q

Colon cancer (diet that leads too)

A

high in cholesterol and carbs

low in fiber

28
Q

Protects fatty acids from oxidation

A

Vit. E

29
Q

Corneal softening

A

keratomalacia

30
Q

Abdominal pain diarrhea and nausea = acute

Chronic= calcium oxalate kidney stones

A

Vit. C overuse

31
Q

Acetylation (slow) of INH can have have toxic effects —reduce dose

A

also actylate

Dapson, Hydralazine and procainamide

32
Q

Azathiprine and 6-MP biotransformation

A

methylation (fast and slow)

33
Q

Note:

A

Patients who take opioids on the reg…develop tolerance to respiratory depression very quickly
Tolerance also developed to itching and N/V and i guess drowsiness

34
Q

When is aortic regurg heard best?

A

After closure of aortic valve (A2) along the left sternal boarder at the third and fourth intercostal spaces while the patient is sitting up and leaning forward with the breath held in end expiration

35
Q

Left shift in oxy-Hb curve

A 
Lower P50 (partial pressure of O2 in blood at which Hb is 50% saturated)...Higher affinity saturates to 50% quicker thus lower P50
think left shift = lower P50
36
Q

Very severe anemia, strenous workout would shift

A

curve to right

37
Q

DRESS SYNDROME DRUGS: fever, GAD, facial edema and diffuse morbilliform skin rash–> confluent erythema with follicular accentuation
Labs: eosinophillia, atypical lymphocytes and elevated ALT

A

phenytoin and carbamazepine
allopurinol
Sulfonamides (sulfasalazine)
Minocycline and vancomycin

38
Q

Essential for GBM diagnosis

A

Necrosis

Common is prominent microvascular proliferation

39
Q

Neuritic process called a neuropil

A

Pathognomonic for neuroblastoma

40
Q

MYCN (N-MYC)

A

Chromosome 2 neuroblastoma

NSE, chromogranin, synaptophysin and S-100 positive
Elevated VMA and/or HVA

41
Q

Pulsion

A

pathogenesis of false diverticula (increased pressure)

ex: in colon (strained bowel movements due to chronic constipation

U-World (16 decks)

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