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U-World > 15 > Flashcards

15 Flashcards

1
Q

Meclizine

A

First generation antagonist of H1 (can treat motion sickness just like diphendyramine)…shit will make you tired tho so heads up

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2
Q

Somatostatin analogs (octreotide)

A

inhibit bioactive amine release

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3
Q

CD8+ bronchoalveolar lavage in patient who works with birds

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

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4
Q

CD22+ on broncoalveolar lavage

also CD19, CD20

A

Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia may sometimes involve pleura or present as patchy pulm infiltrates

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5
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bacterial pneumonia bronchioalveolar lavage

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Speed of hemoglobin moving towards anode (+)

A

A>S>C

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7
Q

schedule daytime naps is a tx for ?

A

narcolepsy

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8
Q

Chronic relentless HA / N and meningitis

A

Acanthamoeba, TB, Crytococcus neoformans

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9
Q

1) First line for bipolar?

2) Maintenance Tx for depression of biopolar?

A

1) Lithium, Valproate, quetiapine

2) Lamotrigine

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10
Q

FSH stimulates the sertoli cells to produce ______ locally, within seminiferous tubules. This _________ is responsible for high LOCAL testosterone concentration. High testosterone levels and FSH are necessary for spermatogenesis

A

androgen binding protein

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11
Q

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)

A

involves recurrent pulling of hair and repeated attempts to decrease or stop behavior

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12
Q

The right middle lobe of the lung lies immediately adjacent to the

A

the right boarder of the heart/ right atrium

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13
Q

Apixaban, rivaroxaban

A

direct Xa inhibitors

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14
Q

Tet spell causes

A

idiopathic, dehydration, hyperventilation

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15
Q

Zonulae occludentes

A

Tight junctions

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16
Q

Tight junctions are composed of what transmembrane proteins

A

Claudins and occludins that associate with actin filaments forming a beltlike seal (permits only the passage of substances from the blood to the brain via transcellular movement)

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17
Q

Maculae adherentes

A

Desmosomes- spotlike junctions that anchor adjacent cells together via keratin intermediate filament interactions. Desmosomes in the stratum spinosum of the skin cause pemphigus vulgaris

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18
Q

Inhibits H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells

A

Omeprazole

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19
Q

Rhizomelia

A

shortened limbs, esp proximally

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20
Q

Exfoliative toxins MOA in SSSS

A

act as proteases and cleave desmoglein in desmosomes

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of MS

A

Helper T cells abnormally react to antigens in myelin, causing a release of inflammatory cytokines (eg. INF-gamma) that promote the infiltration of destructive macrophages/microglia and leukocytes. B cells may also play a role as most MS patients have oligoclonal immunoglobulin

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22
Q

Dilation of sinusoids and perivenular hemorrhage is associated with acute venous outflow obstruction within the liver

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

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23
Q

Inter vs Intra

A

Intra = inside or within

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24
Q

Lacunar stroke involving the ____________ and _________ of the thalamus typically results in complete contralateral sensory loss. Damage to the thalamus may also cause thalamic syndrome, characterized by contralateral burning or stabbing pain over one side of the body.

A

VPLN and VPMN (ventral posterior thalamus)

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25
Q

Cold extremities due to Raynaud phenomenon are associated with what medications?

A

Amphetamines (lol)
Ergotamine
Chemo agents

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26
Q

Encephalitis (within days)
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (within weeks)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

Measles (rubeola)

Vitamin A helps prevent and treat (even reduce hospital stay haha)

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27
Q

Stomatitis and cheilosis; irritability

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency

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28
Q

Hemolytic anemia and neurologic abnormalities (ataxia)

A

Vitamin E def

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29
Q

What can be given to decrease homocysteine levels

A

vitamin B6 (look this up in biochem you lazy douche)

30
Q

easy brusing, gum bleeding, hematuria, hematochezia

A

Vitamin K def

31
Q

microarray is similar to

A

Southern and northern blot but involves hybridization of a large number of probs at one (genome DNA or cDNA)

32
Q

SPEP (serum protein electrophoresis) is a more specific lab test used to determine

A

if excessive monoclonal immuglobulins are present “M-Peak” (MM, Waldenstrom and some lymphomas)

33
Q

First component of junctional complex (usually observed at apices of glandular cells)

A

Tight junctions (zona occludens)

34
Q

Intermediate junctions (zona adherens)

A

second component of junctional complex (radiate from cell membrane and hold adjacent cells together)

35
Q

Small circular adherent patches circumferentially placed around call that compromise the the 3rd junctional component

A

Desmosomes (contribute to structural cohesiveness of tissues subject to mechanical stress)

36
Q

Can sense mechanical stress and send signals to modulate activity of surface osteoblasts. Help regulate bone remodeling. Communicate through intracanalicular processes in lamellae with GAP junctions. Exchange nutrients and waste products with neighboring osteocytes

A

Osteocytes
Major structural role too.
Control short-term release and deposition of calcium. Plasma calcium directly dictates their activity thus calcitonin indirectly influences their metabolic activity

37
Q

Characterized by defective T-cell DEVELOPMENT and B cell dysfucntion

A

SCID (Defect in T Cell development (ex: IL-2 gamma chain) leading to loss of both cellular and humoral immunity

38
Q

SCID presents similar to congenital HIV

A

just so ya know

39
Q

RAS mutation

A

colorectal and pancreatic

TK (growth factor ligand binds receptor–>autophosphorylation)

40
Q

Resides in atrioventricular groove on posterior aspect of the heart

A

coronary sinus

41
Q

What is normally damaged by sudden deceleration and pivots on an extended knee during sports activity? Tests?

A

ACL

Lachman Test, Anterior drawer test

42
Q

Sarcomere:
_____ line is dark AF. Composed of thin filaments which are composed of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin anchor to the _____ line

A

Z

43
Q

Child under 6 years old does not understand

A

death

44
Q

_________ last from 3 days to 1 month; while PTSD lasts more than a month

A

Acute stress disorder

45
Q

Common cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and nosocomial pneumonias as well as UTIs

A

Klebsielllla ellla ellla ellla eyyyy

46
Q

CEA is a _________ produced in embyonic pancreas liver and intestine. Monitor for pancreatic gastric and breast cancer. Also seen in benign shit… IBD, COPD, cirrhosis, pacreatitis. Also higher in smokers.

A

glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion

47
Q

Adjunct chemo recommended for node-positive colorectal cancer?

A

Oxaliplatin-based regimen

48
Q

dyspnea with croup (brassy barking cough, dyspnea and recent history of URI = viral laryngotracheitis. Parainfluenza MC

A

due to inflamed subglottic tissue obstructing upper airway

49
Q

High circulating homocysteine levels, MARFANOID HABITUS, and increased risk for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

A

Homocystinuria (AR)

Cystathionine synthase deficiency

50
Q

Osteogenesis imperfect not only have decreased bone mass and fractures and dat blue sclera but also

A

dental abnormalities and hearing loss

51
Q

ADPKD is a rare disorder of __________.

A

Tubular epithelial cells
Numerous parenchymal cysts
Cardiac valvular disease and cerebral aneurysms

52
Q

Fibrillin-1 (Marfans) is an extracellular glycoprotein that acts as a

A

scaffold for elastin
It is abundant in zonular fibers of lense, periosteum, and aortic media.
Root dilation with dissection = common cause of death

53
Q

EG caused by Pseudomona bacteremia is due to what factors?

A

Exotoxin A- protein synthesis inhibition
Elastase- degrades elastic…important for BV destruction
Phospholipase C (degredes cellar membranes
Pyocyanin- generates reactive oxygen species

54
Q

Superinfection of preexisting skin lesion (eczema, minor trauma)

A

Impetigo

55
Q

Superficial skin lesion characterized by painful erythematous plaque with well raised well demarcated boarders

A

erysipelas

56
Q

HSV-2 reactivation in

A

S2,S3,S4 dorsal roots MC

57
Q

Digoxin vs. Amiodarone toxicity

A

DIGOXIN HAS HYPERKALEMIA

58
Q

Linezolid has MAOI activity

A

watch out for serotonin store

59
Q

Bone mass in adult is determined by

A

peak bone mass and the rate of bone loss

60
Q

Teriparatide

A

recombinant PTH- stimulates maturation of pre-osteoblasts into bone forming osteoblasts that lay down collagen and mineralize the matrix.
Also increases GI calcium absorption and renal reabsorption (decreased urinary calcium)

61
Q

Incidentalomas

A

MRI and CT not used in initial workup b/c 5-10% of healthy people will show mass like lesions…even in brain (the dean)

62
Q

Cortisol in normal person highest when and lowest when

A

highest in morning

lowest at evenings

63
Q

In Cushing Syndrome, normal circadian rhythm is lost.

A

Measure of cortisol in evening is more sensitive and specific (since levels should technically be lowest at this point)

64
Q

Sodium cyanide-nitroprusside test

A

qualitative screening for cystine in urine

1) Cyanide added (cystine to cysteine)
2) Nitroprusside added- reacts with sulfhydrl group on free cysteine, causing a RED-PURPLE discoloration (positive test)

65
Q

Tenesmus (painful straining of defecation) and small-caliber stool are characteristic of

A

RECTAL adenocarcinoma

66
Q

Left-sided colon cancers tend to infiltrate the intestinal wall and encircle the lumen (napkin ring)

A

constipation and symptoms of obstruction

67
Q

Often causes hematochezia

A

Rectosigmoid cancer (hematochezia like UC but no fever)

68
Q

Constipation that alternates with diarrhea

A

IBM

69
Q

Recurrent grossly bloody stool associated with abdominal discomfort and low-grade fever

A

Ulcerative colitis…risk factor for colon cancer

70
Q

Right sided colon cancer presentation

A

exophytic mass
No intestinal obstruction…larger lumen in ascending. Also stool is more liquid here. Present with IDA (fatique pallor) due to occult blood loss. Nonspecific symptoms such as anorexia, malaise and unintentional weight loss

71
Q

Drugs to avoid in elderly?

A

Anticholinergics (ex. first generation antihistamines), alpha blockers, TCA, sulfonylureas, and sedating pain medication

U-World (16 decks)

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