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Anatomy A-215 > Exam 3: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Capillary Level

A

-fluids pushed out of vessels and into tissues

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2
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A
  • fluid within tissues

- venules pick up most, but not all of this fluid

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3
Q

Lymph

A

-interstitial fluid picked up by lymphatic system

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4
Q

Lymphatic System (consists of)

A

-consists of lymph vessels and lymphatic tissues and organs

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5
Q

Functions of Lymphatic System

A
  • absorbs dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
  • returns interstitial fluid back into blood stream (done by lymph vessels)
  • initiates an immune response when mecessary (done by lymphatic tissues/organs)
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6
Q

Lymph Vessels (system)

A

-low pressure system

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7
Q

Lymphatic Capillaries

A
  • smallest lymph vessel
  • wall composed of endothelium (simple squamous)
  • walls have 1-way flaps which allow lymph to enter but not escape
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8
Q

Lacteals

A
  • lymphatic capillaries in small intestine

- function absorb dietary fats

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9
Q

Lymphatic Vessels (characteristics)

A
  • like veins, have 3 tunics
  • have valves which prevent backflow
  • take lymph to and from lymph nodes
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10
Q

Lymphatic Trunks

A
  • formed from merging lymphatic vessels

- drain into lymphatic ducts

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11
Q

Lymphatic ducts

A
  • Right Lymphatic Duct

- Thoracic Duct

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12
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A
  • receives lymph from right side of head, neck and thorax, right upper limb
  • drains into right subclavian vein
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13
Q

Thoracic Duct

A
  • receives lymph from left side of head, neck, thorax, left upper limb, entire abdomen, left and right lower limbs
  • drains into left subclavian vein
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14
Q

Lymphedema

A
  • buildup of interstitial fluid due to lymph vessel damage
  • causes: surgery that removes lymph vessels (eg for breast cancer), cancer spread, infection from parasitic worms (filarial worms)
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15
Q

Pathway of Lymph

A

-lymphatic capillaries–>lymphatic vessels–>lymphatic trunks–>lymphatic ducts–>venous circulation

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16
Q

Lymphatic Cells

A

-start and produce immune response when exposed to antigens

17
Q

Antigens

A

-anything perceived as foreign in the body

18
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

- B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

19
Q

T-Lymphocytes

A
  • mature in thymus
  • functions: some of these cells manage/direct an immune response, while others directly attack cells
  • general/soldiers
20
Q

B-Lymphocytes

A
  • mature in red bone marrow
  • function: many secrete antibodies which attach to antigens and immobilize them until another cell destroys antigen
  • handcuffs
21
Q

Macrophages

A
  • monocytes that migrated from bloodstream into other tissues
  • function: phagocytize foreign substances
22
Q

Lymphatic Structures

A
  • not organs
  • consists of connective tissue containing lots of lymphatic cells
  • not surrounded by CT capsule
23
Q

Lymphatic Nodules

A
  • main type of lymphatic structures
  • clumps of lymphatic cells within other organs
  • ex: tonsils in pharynx, MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue) in walls of GI and respiratory tract
  • both respond to antigens
24
Q

Lymphatic Organs

A

-lymphatic structures surrounded by connective tissue capsule

25
Q

Thymus

A
  • behind sternum
  • function: T-lymphocytes mature and differentiate here. this happens prior to adult hood
  • adult thymus is non functional
26
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • tiny oval organs
  • hundreds
  • found in clusters
  • connect with lymphatic vessels
  • functions: filter lymph, activate immune response if antigens found in lymph
  • infection: lymph nodes become swollen and tender
27
Q

Cancer Spread and Lymph Nodes

A
  • cancer can spread through lymph vessels and lymph nodes

- cancerous lymph nodes tend to be hard and nontender

28
Q

Spleen

A
  • largest lymphatic organ in body
  • located in upper left abdomen, behind and lateral to stomach
  • red pulp and white pulp
  • functions: does NOT filter lymph, it filters blood
29
Q

Red Pulp

A
  • splenic sinusoids (large capillaries) and splenic cords
  • contains erythrocytes, platelets and macrophages
  • function: removes old erythrocytes and platelets
  • graveyard for erythrocytes
30
Q

White Pulp

A
  • lymphocytes

- will start an immune response if antigens found in blood

Anatomy A-215 (24 decks)

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