14.2 The cause of and need for change Flashcards
We need to understand that:
1) We pa__________ in change, but we are also its or__________
2) we can be re________ of change but we also have the ability to re_______ change
participate
originators
recipients
recognise
Today’s 21st century reality is one of instant communication, with the risk of instant r______. This could create a more e_______ strategy, but it is important to take a step back and be rational.
reaction
emergent
Wearden identifies four key “pressure points” beginning with the letter “P” that bring about change. What are these?
Process - the need to amend core operational functions
People - the need to include the right people in the right way
Product - the need to ensure that the output of the organisation continues to meeting customer demand
Position - the need for a constant awareness of the strategic and economic position against the competition.
What do Kaufman et al (2003) identify as the single biggest mistake when implementing strategy?
Implementing strategy too quickly (without appropriate stakeholder buy-in.
Kaufman et al (2003) - “change is a p______, not an e_____”.
process
event
Kaufman et al (2003) introduced three levels of change:
M___ level - change with a long-term perspective, including future generations
M___ level - changes involving the outputs and inputs of the main organisational system
M____ level - changes to KPIs achieved by individuals
Mega
Macro
Micro
Martin (2001) suggested there are four differing ways in which change can be recognised and controlled within an organisation:
1) C______ - unplanned and fractious
2) St_______ - planned, fundamental change
3) Su_______ - unplanned, but organisation can adapt
4) I____________ - small, planned changes
Crisis
Strategic
Surprise
Incremental
In any organisation, change will be driven from two different perspectives:
1) E_______ - steady, incremental change, building through a gradual approach with time to adapt.
2) R______ - an occasional “big bang” which requires significant re-organisation
Evolution
Revolution
Who developed the “change matrix” model?
Martin, 2001
What are the axis on Martin’s change matrix?
x - Degree of planning (unplanned or planned)
y - Scale of impact (Suprise vs incremental)
Who introduced three levels of strategic change - micro, macro, mega?
Kaufman et al. (2003)
What is mega level change?
Change involving long-term perspective (e.g. company being acquired)
What is macro level change?
Change involving the input and output of the main organizational system (e.g. a change from manual to robotic systems).
What is micro-level change?
Change to the key results and indicators for individuals, teams and processes. e.g. a dive to increase profitability.
Balogun & Hope-Hailey (2004) developed four types of change. What are they?
Reconstruction
Revolutions
Adaptation
Evolution
