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Fashion & Textiles > 1.4 The Use of Finishes > Flashcards

1.4 The Use of Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

What do fabric finishes do?

A

Modify a fabric to improve it or give it properties it doesn’t bit naturally possess

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2
Q

What is the most usual stage to add a finish?

A

To apply it directly to the fabric before a product is manufactured

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3
Q

What are the advantages of finishes?

A
  • Improve the function, performance and aesthetics of a product
  • Extend a products lifespan
  • Improve easy care performance
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4
Q

What are disadvantages of finishes?

A
  • Cost money because they are an additional process
  • Some are only semi permanent
  • Some need several finishes to make them suitable
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5
Q

What do mechanical finishes do?

A

Modify a fabrics surface using dry processes, they are applied using machinery

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6
Q

What are the 5 mechanical finishes?

A
  • Brushing
  • Calendaring
  • Embossing
  • Heat setting
  • Stone and sand washing
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7
Q

What is the process of brushing?

A
  • Fabric is passed through a raising machine
  • It is permanent and weakens the fabric
  • Ignite more readily
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8
Q

What type of finish does brushing have?

A

Brushed or napped (hairy) appearance, it improves a fabrics ability to trap air making it warmer and softer

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9
Q

What are the uses of brushing?

A
  • Brushed cotton nightwear
  • Brushed wool coating and suiting
  • Polyester fleece garments
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10
Q

What is the process of calendaring?

A

Fabric is fed through rotating, heated rollers

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11
Q

What type of finish does calendaring have?

A

A smooth, lustrous appearance that compacts the surface of a fabric by closing the gaps created by warp and weft yarns making it less penetrable by air and water

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12
Q

What are the uses of calendaring?

A
  • Silk, rayon and polyester used for garments and soft furnishings
  • Polyester sails for sail boats
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13
Q

What is the process of embossing?

A
  • A type of calendar it process
  • Permanent when heat set
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14
Q

What type of finish does embossing have?

A

Raised or sunken patterns and textures, it stimulates a grain texture on synthetic leather products

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15
Q

What are the uses of embossing?

A
  • Thermoplastic fabrics, polyester, polyamide
  • Furnishing fabrics and some clothing
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16
Q

What is the process of heat setting?

A
  • Fabric stretched to its correct dimensions and held flat before passing through a stenter machine
  • Will not shrink
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17
Q

What type of finish does heat setting have?

A

Improves dimensional stability to stop fabric shrinkage and creasing, it enables a range of functional and aesthetic properties

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18
Q

What are the uses of heat setting?

A
  • Thermoplastic fabrics
  • Fashion and furnishing products
  • Socks heat set into the shape of the foot
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19
Q

What is the process of stone and sand washing?

A
  • Placed in industrial washing machines filled with stones or sand
  • Permanent and can weaken a fabric
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20
Q

What type of finish does stone and sand washing have?

A

Adds a work, aged appearance to fabrics and gives a soft, flexible handle to fabrics

21
Q

What are the uses of stone and sand washing?

A
  • Denim for jeans
  • Cotton canvas for sails, tents, backpacks
  • Linen for bedding
22
Q

What do chemical finishes do?

A

Modify a fabrics structure and surface using a wet process involving chemicals, heat and occasionally water

23
Q

What are the 9 chemical finishes?

A
  • Flame retardancy
  • Water resistance
  • Crease resistance
  • Shrink resistance
  • Moth proofing
  • Anti pilling
  • Hygienic
  • Mercerisation
  • Anti felting
24
Q

What is the process of flame retardancy?

A
  • Make fabrics stiff and reduce strength
  • Expensive and need careful washing
25
Q

What are examples and uses of flame retardancy?

A
  • Cotton, linen, viscose, rayon
  • Soft furnishings, nightwear, protective clothing
26
Q

What is the process of water resistance?

A

Common finishes: Scotchgard and Teflon

27
Q

What are examples and uses of water resistance?

A
  • All fabrics
  • Outdoor products (tents, raincoats), carpets, furniture, shoes, school uniforms
28
Q

What is the process of crease resistance?

A

Held in tension in a heat chamber to cure and seal the finish

29
Q

What are examples and uses of crease resistance?

A
  • Corton, linen, viscose
  • Clothing, bedding, soft furnishings
30
Q

What is the process of shrink resistance?

A

The more a fibre swells when absorbing water, the greater the fabric shrinkage

31
Q

What are examples and uses of shrink resistance?

A
  • Cotton, linen, viscose
  • Clothing, bedding, soft furnishings
32
Q

What is the process of moth proofing?

A

Impregnating the wool fibres with Mitin or Dielmoth makes the wool fibres inedible to moths without damaging the fabrics

33
Q

What are examples and uses of moth proofing?

A
  • Wool
  • Blankets and clothing
34
Q

What is the process of anti pilling?

A

Polymers ke solvents can bind fibres into the surface of a fabric to stop them becoming loose

35
Q

What are examples and uses of anti pilling?

A
  • Wool, cotton, viscose, blended fibre fabrics
  • Clothing and jumpers
36
Q

What is the process of hygienic?

A

Cotton fabrics can be treated with an odour reducing finish called Purista

37
Q

What are examples and uses of hygienic?

A
  • Sythetic, regenerated fibres, cotton
  • Socks, underwear, sportswear, bedding
38
Q

What is the process of mercerisation?

A
  • To make cotton shinier, stronger and more absorbent
  • Cotton fibres swell and become smoother and more rounded
39
Q

What are examples and uses of mercerisation?

A
  • Cotton
  • Sewing thread, garment and furnishing fabric
40
Q

What is the process of anti felting?

A

To prevent felting and shrinkage in animal hair products

41
Q

What are examples and uses of anti felting?

A
  • Wool, cashmere, angora, mohair
  • Blankets, jumpers, shawls
42
Q

What are laminated fabrics?

A

Made up of two or more very thin layers of fabric, they are held together with adhesives or fused together by heat setting if thermoplastic fabrics are used

43
Q

What are the 3 laminated fabrics?

A
  • Gore tex
  • Sympatex
  • Bonded fabrics
44
Q

What are some properties of gore tex?

A

The holes are too small for rainwater to pass through and the membrane acts as a wind barrier making it totally waterproof and windproof

45
Q

Why is gore tex breathable?

A

The holes are big enough to let water molecules from perspiration pass through

46
Q

What is gore tex used for?

A

A variety of sports and leisure activities and is also worn by outdoor workers and the emergency services

47
Q

What are the properties of sympatex?

A
  • Waterproof
  • Windproof
  • Breathable
48
Q

What is the key difference between gore tex and sympatex?

A

Sympatex polyester membranes are lifeless and hydrophilic, they attract, draw and hold moisture away from the body

49
Q

How are bonded fabrics made?

A

By laminating a top fabric to a lightweight woven backing fabric, this improves a fabrics stability and strength without spoiling its handle and appearance

Fashion & Textiles (24 decks)

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