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Fashion & Textiles > 1.1 Materials and Their Applications > Flashcards

1.1 Materials and Their Applications Flashcards

1
Q

Why is choosing the right textile materials for products complex?

A

Because of the interplay between fibre, yarn, construction method and finishing processes

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2
Q

What will the final choice of fabric be influenced by?

A

The product fun gin and the material’s physical and aesthetic properties

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3
Q

What is a fibre?

A

A fine, hair-like thread

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4
Q

What is a yarn?

A

A long continuous length of twisted fibres used in the construction of woven and knitted fabrics

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5
Q

What is a finishing process?

A

An additional process to improve the appearance and/or performance of a fabric

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6
Q

What are aesthetics?

A

The beauty or tastefulness of the look of a product and how attractive it is to the consumer

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7
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

The ability to resist breaking under tension

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8
Q

What is abrasion resistance?

A

The ability to resist surface wear caused by rubbing contact with another material

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9
Q

What is elasticity (crease resistance)?

A

The ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed

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10
Q

What is absorbency?

A

The ability to absorb and retain liquid

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11
Q

What is easy care?

A

The ability to maintain optimum appearance with the minimum of effort when laundering

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12
Q

What is colour fastness?

A

The ability to retain dye during the manufacturing process and when washed or exposed to sunlight

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13
Q

What is electrostatic charge?

A

The ability for static electricity ti develop in fibres under exceptionally dry conditions

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14
Q

What is thermal insulation?

A

The ability to trap air preventing the transfer of heat through the material

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15
Q

What is corrosive solvent resistance?

A

The ability to withstand attack and decay from substances such as chlorine bleach

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16
Q

What is microorganism and insect resistance?

A

The ability to withstand attack and decay from organisms such as bacteria and moths

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17
Q

What is flammability?

A

The ability to burn or ignite causing fire or combustion

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18
Q

What is thermoplasticity?

A

The ability to become pliable and mouldable when heated, enabling textures and creases to be set and retained once cooled

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19
Q

What is formability?

A

The ability to manipulate and deform fabrics without damaging them

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20
Q

What is the handle?

A

Evaluates how a fabric behaves, performs or feels when touched

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21
Q

What is the drape?

A

The term used to describe the way a fabric hangs under its own weight

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22
Q

What is the lustre?

A

Refers to a textile materials ability to reflect light from its surface so it appears glossy

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23
Q

What are polymers?

A

A long chain of molecules made up of fibre forming atoms that are linked together

24
Q

What are the main sources of fibres?

A
  • Natural cellulose
  • Natural protein
  • Regenerated fibres
  • Synthetic fibres
25
Q

What are regenerated fibres?

A

A fibre made from natural cellulose that has been chemically modified

26
Q

What are synthetic fibres?

A

A fibre made entirely from synthetic polymers based on petrochemicals

27
Q

What are some examples of natural cellulose fibres?

A
  • Cotton
  • Linen
  • Ramie
28
Q

What are some examples of natural protein fibres?

A
  • Wool
  • Silk
29
Q

What are some examples of regenerated fibres?

A
  • Viscose
  • Acetate
30
Q

What are new generation lyocell fibres?

A

More environmentally friendly as the cellulose is harvested from sustainably grown trees and some of the fibres are produced using a closed loop system that reuses the chemicals needed to modify the cellulose

31
Q

What are some examples of new generation lyocell fibres?

A
  • Modal
  • Lyocell (Tencel)
32
Q

What are some examples of synthetic fibres?

A
  • Polyamides (nylon)
  • Polyesters (polyester, trevira, polartec)
  • Polyacrylic (acrylic)
33
Q

What are elastomeric fibres?

A

Made from synthetic polymers with the physical property of elasticity. Only small amounts are needed to give a lot of stretch. The fibres form the core of corespun yarn used to produce stretch yawn and wave and stretch fabrics.

34
Q

What are examples of elastomeric fibres?

A

Elastane (Lycra and Spandex)

35
Q

What are chlorofibres and flurofibres?

A

Man made synthetic polymers, mostly used as coatings on textiles. Coating involves applying a layer of polymer to the surface of a fabric to make it stain resistant, water repellent and breathable

36
Q

What are some examples of chlorofibres and flurofibres?

A
  • Chlorofibres: polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
  • Flurofibres: (PTFE) or brand name Teflon
37
Q

What are inorganic fibres?

A

Created from natural elements which after processing at high temperatures are transformed into fibres

38
Q

What are some examples of inorganic fibres?

A
  • Glass
  • Carbon
  • Metallic
  • Ceramic
39
Q

What are smart materials?

A

Materials that react to external stimuli or changes in its environment without human intervention

40
Q

What are some examples of smart materials?

A
  • Reactive materials: changes to heat
  • Photochromic dyes: changes in UV light
  • Phase changing materials: absorb, store and release body heat
41
Q

What are modern materials?

A

A material that has been developed through the invention of new or improved processes

42
Q

What are some examples of modern materials?

A
  • Microfibres
  • Microencapsulated fibres and fabrics
  • Nanofibres
43
Q

What are microfibres?

A

Extremely fine fibres such as tactel and trevira

44
Q

What are microencapsulated fibres?

A

A micro fibre that has tiny capsules containing health or cosmetic chemicals embedded into its hollow centre

45
Q

What is a nano fibre?

A

An extremely lightweight string fibre that is less than one micron in diameter

46
Q

What is the simple workshop test for flammability?

A
  • Use fabric samples and paper fuses
  • Light the fuse and use a stopwatch to tile how long it takes for the flame to reach the wire marker
  • Record time and other observations
47
Q

What is the simple workshop test for crease resistance?

A
  • Fabric folded in half and placed between pieces of paper under the weight
  • Leave it to recover for 5 minutes then calculate distance between its two ends
  • Record results and repeat
48
Q

What is the simple workshop test for shrink resistance?

A
  • Mark 10cm square
  • Retain a control samke and wash remaining samples at different temperatures
  • Dry and iron samples
  • Work out percentage shrinkage
49
Q

What is the simple workshop test for colour fastness?

A
  • Samples sewn onto white fabric and washed, dried samples are compared to a control sample
50
Q

What is the simple workshop test for strength?

A
  • Prepare same sized samples
  • Make a small cut at the warp, west and bias edges
  • Twar the samples along the cut to see which tears easily and which requires more force
51
Q

What is the simple workshop test for pilling?

A
  • Fabric samples stapled onto wooden block
  • Glass paper stapled onto smaller wooden block
  • Glass paper rubbed over the surface of the fabric
  • Number of passes required for pills to start forming is recorded
52
Q

What is the industrial test for flammability?

A
  • Fabric sample held vertically in metal frame
  • Small flame from bunsen burner is applied for 2 seconds, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 seconds until it catches fire
  • Test complete if fabric burns for more than one second
  • Times recorded
53
Q

What is the industrial test for crease resistance?

A
  • Sample folded in half and compressed under a load
  • Load removed and one end is clamped
  • Dial of instrument rotated
  • End if time allowed for recovery the angle is recorded
  • Larger the angle the better the crease resistance
54
Q

What is the industrial test for shrink resistance?

A
  • Mark reference points on fabric
  • Samples dried
  • Remeasure to look for change
  • Fabric shrinkage shown as a negative percentage
  • Fabric stretch shown as positive percentage
55
Q

What is the industrial test for colour fastness?

A
  • Samples cut
  • Samples exited in white fabric neville and washed for set time
  • Dried samples compared to control and assessed using grey scale
56
Q

What is the industrial test for strength?

A
  • Sample stretched and distance travelled is plotted
  • Test is repeated
  • Non woven fabrics are hayseed for strength in the same way
57
Q

What is the industrial test for pilling?

A
  • Circular samples clamped onto one of the machines discs and weight is out onto each disc
  • Samples rubbed against abrasive fabric
  • Machine controls and records the number of rubbing cycles
  • Samples examined
  • Samples compared with contol sample

Fashion & Textiles (24 decks)

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