module 5 - 13.6 organisation of the nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

which 2 systems is the mammalian nervous system structurally organised into?

A
  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
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2
Q

what is the CNS?

A
  • consists of brain and spinal cord
  • has nerve tracts instead of nerves
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3
Q

what is the PNS?

A
  • consists of nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord
  • has sensory neurones that carry impulses from receptors to CNS and motor neurones that carry impulses from CNS to muscles and glands
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4
Q

what are ganglion?

A

a group of neurone cell bodies in the PNS

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5
Q

what is a nerve?

A

an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the PNS

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6
Q

what is the endonerium?

A

connective tissue that surrounds axons

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7
Q

what are fascicles?

A

the groups the axons are bundled together into

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8
Q

what is the perineurium?

A

the connective tissue that the fascicles are wrapped in

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9
Q

what is the epineurium?

A

the connective tissue that the entire nerve is wrapped in

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10
Q

where to blood vessels run?

A

inside the nerve

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11
Q

which 2 systems is the mammalian nervous system functionally (not structurally) organised into?

A
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
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12
Q

what is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • part of the peripheral nervous system
  • associated with voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles
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13
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • part of the peripheral nervous system
  • controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands
  • is involuntary
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14
Q

what 2 systems is the autonomic nervous system functionally divided into?

A
  • sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
  • parasympathetic nervous system (rest & digest)
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15
Q

what do sympathetic nerves release within the autonomic nervous system?

A

noradrenaline to mobilise body systems

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16
Q

what do parasympathetic nerves release within the autonomic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine to relax body systems and conserve energy

17
Q

why is the autonomic nervous system not completely involuntary?

A

some aspects can be taken over by conscious control e.g. holding your breath

18
Q

what would happen to the autonomic nervous system without an active override?

A

autonomic system will control these aspects which frees up part of the brain so breathing and heart rate etc. dont need to be “thought about”