1.12 & 1.13 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What type of carbohydrate is glucose?
Monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is galactose?
Monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is fructose?
Monosaccharide
How is alpha glucose drawn?
alpha = below
How is beta glucose?
beta = below
What type of carbohydrate is maltose?
Disaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is sucrose?
Disaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is lactose?
Disaccharide
What is lactose is made up of?
galactose and glucose
What is sucrose is made up of?
glucose and fructose
What is maltose is made up of?
glucose and glucose
How do disaccharides form?
Condensation reaction
What two alpha-glucose polysccharides make up starch?
Amylose and Amylopectin
How do disaccharides break down?
Hydrolysis
What is the main purpose of starch?
Main energy storage in plants
What is the structure of anylose?
(x3 points)
1,4 glycosidic bonds (unbranched)
coiled helix (H bonds between -H & -OH)
compact so good for storage
What is the structure of amylopectin?
1,4 & 1.6 glycosidic bonds (branched)
forms a network (branching)
rapidly hydrolyse
glucose is released quickly
What is glycogens main purpose?
main energy storage in mammals
what is the structure of glycogen?
(x3)
1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
rapidly hydrolyses
forms a network
What is the structure of cellulose?
chains align parallel to each other forming tough fibres (held together by hydrogen bonds)
unbranched straight chain of β(1-4) glucose
