11. 3 Motivational theories Flashcards
Piece rate
Payment to a worker for each unit produced.
Self-actualization
A sense of self-fulfillment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved.
Motivators (motivating factors)
Aspects of a worker’s job that can lead to positive job satisfaction, such as achievement, recognition, meaningful and interesting work, responsibility, and advancement at work.
Hygiene factors
Aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over supervision by managers.
Job enrichment
Aims to use the full capabilities of workers by giving them opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work.
Taylor’s scientific management
States that the production process must be broken down into simple task to increase productivity and that employees are primarily motivated by financial incentives.
Mayo and the human needs relations
States that employers should aim to provide opportunities for social interaction and employee recognition.
Maslow and the hierarchy of human needs
States that employers must provide a work environment that meets the basic needs of employees such as fair pay, safe working conditions, and job security. Once these needs are met, employers can focus on fostering a sense of belonging, rewarding employees for accomplishments, and giving opportunities for personal growth.
Hertzberg and the two factory theory
States that hygiene factors and motivators are primary factors that affect employee motivation.
McClelland and motivational needs theory
1) Achievement: challenging tasks, improving skills, recognition
2) Affiliation: establish relationships with others
3) Power: desire to influence others and control one’s environment
Vroom’s expectancy theory
1) Expectancy: a belief that their effort will lead to a level of performance
2) Instrumentality: the belief that this performance will lead to reward or recognition
3) Valance: value that employees place on these outcomes
