10.3 Meiosis Flashcards
Prophase 1
The 1st phase of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, cross over, and make tetrads.
Metaphase 1
The 2nd phase of meiosis, tetrads line up, spindle fibers attach.
Anaphase 1
The 3rd phase of meiosis, tetrads are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase/Cytokinesis 1
The 4th phase of meiosis, cell divides and two new cells are formed.
Prophase 2
The 5th phase of meiosis, spindle fibers form.
Metaphase 2
The 6th phase of meiosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cells.
Anaphase 2
The 7th phase of meiosis, chromosomes are pulled apart.
Telophase/Cytokinesis 2
The 8th phase of meiosis, cells separate to make four new cells.
When is the number of chromosomes cut in half?
Anaphase 1
What are the sources of genetic variation?
Crossing over, independent assortment, and genetic mutation
Meiosis
Cell division to create gametes
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes with the same genes
Sister chromatids
Identical chromatids created in replication
Fertilization
Sperm and egg cells combining into a zygote and restoring chromosomes
Haploid
A cell with one copy of each chromosome
Dipoid
A cell with two copies of each chromosome
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction with one parent
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction with two parents
Gamete
Sex cells
Somatic cells
Cells that are not gametes
Tetrad
A pair of two homologous chromosomes
Synapsis
The pairing of homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
The exchange of DNA during synapsis
Independent assortment
Chromosomes can flip during metaphase 1
