Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy and Physiology > 1 Intro & Homeostasis > Flashcards

1 Intro & Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deals with the structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye

A

Gross anatomy

Structures such as muscles, bones, digestive organs, or
skin can be examined, historically, by means of cadaveric dissections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

A

Microscopic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

refers to the study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Levels of
Structural
Organization

A

chemical level/ atoms
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organismal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • forms the external body covering
  • protects deeper tissue from injury
  • synthesizes vitamin D
  • location of sensory receptors (pain, pressure, etc) and sweat and oil glands
A

integumentary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • protects and supports body organs
  • provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
  • blood cells are formed within the bones
  • stores minerals
A

skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • allows manipulation of the environment
  • locomotion and facial expression
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
A

muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 organs of integumentary system

A

hair
skin
fingernails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 organs of skeletal system

A

cartilages
joint
bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

organs of muscular system

A

skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 organs of nervous system

A

brain
sensory receptor
spinal cord
nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

7 organs of endocrine system

A

pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland (parathyroid glands on posterior aspect)
thymus gland
adrenal glands
pancreas
testis/ ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 organs of cardiovascular system

A

heart
blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • fast-acting control system of the body
  • responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells
A

endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc
  • the heart pumps blood
A

cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 organs of lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

6 organs of respiratory system

A

nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

6 organs of digestive system

A

oral cavity
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
  • disposes debris in the lymphatic stream
  • houses white blood cells involved in immunity
A

lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
  • gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
A

respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
  • indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
A

digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 organs of urinary system

A

kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

5 organs of reproductive organs of male

A

prostate gland
testis
scrotum
penis
seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

5 organs of reproductive system of female

A

mammary glands (in breasts)
uterine tube
ovary
uterus
vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body
  • regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood
A

urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

overall function of reproductive system

A

production of offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

produce sperm and male sex hormone

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract

A

ducts and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

produce eggs and female sex hormones

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

produce milk to nourish the newborn

A

mammary glands of female breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Life Maintenance and
Function

A
  • Maintaining Boundaries
  • Movement
  • Responsiveness
  • Digestion
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

For growth to occur, cell-constructing activities must occur at a _ rate than
cell-destroying ones.

A

faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Survival Needs

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Normal Body Temperature
  • Atmospheric Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anatomical Position

standing _ and facing forward with each arm hanging oneither side of the body, and the palms facing _. The legs are _, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward

A

upright
forward
parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

toward the head end/ upper part of a structure/ body

above

A

superior (cranial or cephalic)

the forehead is superior to the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

away from the head end/ toward the lower part of a structure/ body

below

A

inferior (caudal)

the navel is inferior to the breastbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

toward/ at the front of the body

in front of

A

anterior/ ventral

the breastbone is anterior to the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

toward/ at the backside of the body

behind

A

posterior/ dorsal

the heart is posterior to the breastbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

toward/ at the midline of the body

on the inner side of

A

medial

the heart is medial to the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

away from the midline of the body

on the outer side of

A

lateral

the arms are lateral to the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

intermediate

the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

close to the origin of the body part/ the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

proximal

the elbow is proximal to the wrist

(the elbow is closer to the shoulder/ attachment point of the arm than the wrist is)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

farther from the origin of a body part/ the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

distal

the knee is distal to the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

toward/ at the body surface

A

superficial/ external

the skin is superficial to the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

away from the body surface/ more internal

A

deep/ internal

the lungs are deep to the rib cage

48
Q

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

A

Abdominal

49
Q

point of shoulder

A

Acromial

50
Q

forearm

A

Antebrachial

51
Q

anterior surface of elbow

A

Antecubital

52
Q

armpit

A

Axillary

53
Q

arm

A

Brachial

54
Q

cheek area

A

Buccal

55
Q

wrist

A

Carpal

56
Q

neck region

A

Cervical

57
Q

hip

A

Coxal

58
Q

anterior leg; the shin

A

Crural

59
Q

the curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

A

Deltoid

60
Q

fingers, toes

A

Digital

61
Q

: thigh (applies to both anterior and posterior)

A

Femoral

62
Q

: lateral part of leg

A

Fibular

63
Q

forehead

A

Frontal

64
Q

area where thigh meets

A

Inguinal

65
Q

groin

A

Body trunk;

66
Q

chin

A

Mental

67
Q

nose area

A

Nasal

68
Q

mouth

A

Oral

69
Q

eye area

A

Orbital

70
Q

anterior knee

A

Patellar

71
Q

relating to, or occurring in or on, the chest

A

Pectoral

72
Q

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

A

Pelvic

73
Q

genital region

A

Pubic

74
Q

breastbone area

A

Sternal

75
Q

ankle region

A

Tarsal

76
Q

area between the neck and abdomen, supported by the ribs, sternum and costal cartilages; chest

A

Thoracic

77
Q

navel

A

Umbilical

78
Q

heel of foot

A

Calcaneal

79
Q

head

A

Cephalic

80
Q

thigh

A

Femoral

81
Q

buttock

A

Gluteal

82
Q

area of the back between ribs and hips; the loin

A

Lumbar

83
Q

posterior surface of head or base of skull

A

Occipital

84
Q

posterior surface of elbow

A

Olecranal

85
Q

posterior knee area

A

Popliteal

86
Q

at posterior

area between hips at base of spine

A

Sacral

87
Q

shoulder blade region

A

Scapular

88
Q

the posterior surface of leg; the calf

A

Sural

89
Q

area of spinal column

A

Vertebral

90
Q

— this vertical (top to bottom) plane divides the body into left and right sides;

A
  • Sagittal plane (median, wheel) —
91
Q

a plane that divides the body down the middle into equal left and right sides

A

Median Sagittal Plane

92
Q

a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior or ventral) and back (posterior or dorsal)

A

Coronal (vertical, frontal, door) plane —

93
Q

— this horizontal plane is parallel to the ground and divides the body into up (toward the head) and down (toward the feet

A

Transverse (horizontal, table) plane

94
Q
  • any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism
  • the space where internal organs develop, located
    between the skin and the outer lining of the gut cavity
A

body cavity

95
Q

”The human body cavity,” normally refers to the _ because it is by far the largest one in volume.

A

ventral body cavity

96
Q

the centermost region, deep to and surrounding the
umbilicus (navel)

A

umbilical region

97
Q

located superior to the umbilical region

A

epigastric region

(epi = upon,
above; gastric = stomach)

98
Q

is inferior to the umbilical region

A

hypogastric (pubic) region

(hypo =
below)

99
Q

are lateral
to the hypogastric region

A

right iliac (inguinal) region and left iliac (inguinal) region

(iliac = superior part of the hip bone).

100
Q

lateral to the umbilical region and spinal column between the bottom ribs and the
hip bones;

A

right lumbar region and left lumbar region

umbilical region (lumbus = loins)

101
Q

lateral to the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs

A

right hypochondriac region and left hypochondriac region

(chondro = cartilage)

102
Q
  • contains the teeth and tongue.
  • This cavity is part of and continuous with the digestive organs, which open to the exterior at the anus.
A

Oral cavity and digestive cavity.

103
Q
  • Located within and posterior to the nose,
  • part of the respiratory system.
A
  • Nasal cavity
104
Q

in the skull house the eyes and
present them in an anterior position

A

Orbital cavities/ orbits

105
Q

carved into the skull lie just medial to the eardrums. These cavities contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

A

Middle ear cavities

106
Q

body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing

A

Homeostasis

107
Q

essential for homeostasis and is accomplished chiefly by the nervous and endocrine systems, which use electrical signals delivered by nerves or bloodborne hormones, respectively, as information carriers

A

Communication

108
Q
  • type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment
  • responds to such changes, called stimuli, by sending
    information (input) to the second component, the control center
A

receptor

109
Q

Information
flows from the receptor to the control center along the

A

afferent pathway

110
Q

determines the level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained. This component analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action.

A

control center

111
Q

provides the means for the control center’s response (output) to
the stimulus.

A

effector

112
Q

Information flows from the control center to the effector along the

A

efferent pathway.

113
Q

is a physiological regulation system in a living body that works to return the body to its normal internal state, or commonly known as homeostasis.

A

feedback mechanism

114
Q

serves to reduce an excessive response and keep a variable within the normal range

A

Negative feedback

temperature regulation and control of blood glucose

115
Q

serves to intensify a response until an endpoint is
reached.

A

Positive feedback

blood clotting and childbirth

Human Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions