(1) Anatomy and Histology of the periodontium - Gingiva Flashcards
What is the gingiva?
The portion of the oral mucosa that surrounds and is attached to the teeth.
What are the 2 main regions of the gingiva?
A) attached to gingiva
B) The free gingiva
what is the attached gingiva?
directly bound to the underlying bone and tooth
What is the free gingiva?
narrow, not bound to any bone
What is located between the attached an dfree gingiva?
free gingival groove
What is the junctional epithelium?
where the enamel and gingiva attach
What is the sulcular epithelium?
lines the sulcus
How do you differentiate the junctional and sulcular epithelium?
More folding with the junctional epitheium that the sulcular epithelium, Which has a smooth interface with undelrying connective tissue
What is the gingival epithelium?
keratinised epithelium, part of the masticatory oral mucosa
keratinised to withstand the forces of mastication
What characterises all epithelium?
basal membrane connected to the underlying connective tissue always a basal membrane, separate the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue.
Does the connective tissue of the gingiva have many fibres?
YES
What are the fibres of the gingiva continuous with?
the principal fibres of the PL
What do the gingiva fibres do?
attach the gingiva to the tooth and alveolar bone
What is the role of the gingival fibres?
maintain stability of teeth
Name structures A-G
What is the sulcus?
The gap between the enamel and the gingiva
What is characteristic of the sulcular epithelium?
foldings at the interface between the epithelium and connective tissue
What is the free gingival margin parallel to?
sulcus
Name structures A-H
A = oral epithelium
B =
C = alveolar ligament
D = gingival memebrane
E = free gingival groove
F = free gingival margin
G = sulcular epithelium
H= junctional epithelium
Name the fibres A and B in the diagram
A = horizontal
B. = oblique
What is the gingival margin?
the coronal limit of the free gingiva
What is the gingival sulcus?
the unattached region between the free gingiva and the tooth
What is the junctional epithelium?
the area where the gingiva is bound to the tooth
What is the free gingiva groove?
follow the contour of the cemento-enamel juntion
In health, what depth should the gingiva sulcus be?
0.5-2.0mm depth
What depth is the gingiva sulcus to be considered a periodontal pocket?
> 3.0mm
What epitheliums make up the gingival cuff?
the sulcular and junctional epithelium
At the base of the sulcus, what else is at the same level?
the free gingival groove
Is sulcular epithelium thin or thick?
thin
What does the sulcular epithelium have a more folded interface with?
the lamina propria
Is the junctional epithelium thin or thick? and where?
thin apically
What is the turnover rate of the junctional epithelium?
5-6 days
How thick is the junctional epithelium?
2mm
Where does the junctional epithelium connect from and to?
from the CEJ to the sulcus base
What is the CEJ?
the more or less horizontal demarcation line that distinguishes the crown (A) of the tooth from root (B) of the tooth. Active recession of the gingiva reveals the cementoenamel junction in the mouth and is usually a sign of an unhealthy condition.
Why is the junctional epithelium important?
protecting underlying tissues form plaque and prevention of periodontal disease
What fluid is found in the sulcus?
the crevicular fluid
or also called the gingival crevicular fluid
Where does the crevicular fluid originate?
The gingiva
Where does the crevicular fluid located?
the sulcus
What is the crevicular fluid?
an inflammatory exudate derived from the periodontal tissues.
It is composed of serum and locally generated materials such as tissue breakdown products, inflammatory mediators, and antibodies directed against dental plaque bacteria.
What is the crevicular fluid composed of?
It is composed of serum and locally generated materials such as tissue breakdown products, inflammatory mediators, and antibodies directed against dental plaque bacteria.
how do cells enter the crevicular fluid?
the junctional epithelium is very thin and allows cells to pass into the crevicular fluid
What is the crevicular fluid important in?
Defence mechanisms
What is the gingiva called between teeth?
interdental papilla
What is the shape in the interdental papilla between anterior and posterior teeth?
anterior = pointed
posterior = wedge
Name structures A-D and what type of section is this?
A= dentin
B = interdental papilla
C = enamel space
D = epithelium
Demineralised section (see cells and enamel you cant see)
What is the col?
A valley-like depression which connects the gingival papillae situated in the interproximal space between two teeth
The epithelium of the col is continuous with the junctional epithelium.
Do spaced/missing teeth have a col?
No
What is shown in this image?
THE col
What is the gingival lamina propria?
connective tissue which underlies the epithelia of the gingiva
How is the gingival lamina propria arranged?
dense collagen bundles
What is the role of the gingival lamina propria?
support the free gingiva
bind the attached gingiva to the alveolar bone to the tooth.
linkage of teeth to one another
Name the 10 gingival lamina propria fibres?
Dentoginigval fibres.
Longitudinal fibres.
Circular fibres.
Alveologingival fibres.
Dentoperiosteal fibres.
Transseptal fibres.
Semicircular fibres.
Transgingival fibres.
Interdental fibres.
Vertical fibres.
Name gingival fibres A-D and bone E
Name fibre A
Transseptal fibre
Name fibres A-D
A = dentogingival group
B = circular group
C = dentoperiosteal group
D = alveologingival group
Name fibres A-E
A: Dentogingival
B: Longitudinal
C: Circular
D: Alveolo-gingival
E: Dentoperisodteal
Name fibre F
Transseptal
Name fibres B,G & H
Longitudinal
G: Semicircular
H: Transgingival
Name fibres I and J
I: Interdental
J: Vertical
