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BDS2 Oral Biology - Histology > (1) Anatomy and Histology of the Periodontium - periodontal ligament (Fibres) > Flashcards

(1) Anatomy and Histology of the Periodontium - periodontal ligament (Fibres) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the periodontal ligament found?

A

occupies the space between the alveolar bone and the cementum (root section)

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2
Q

How would you describe the periodontal ligament?

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

What 2 tissues is the periodontal ligament continuous with?

A

Continuous with the gingival connective tissue and the pulp.

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4
Q

What varies in the periodontal ligament?

A

Variation in width; location, function and age.

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5
Q

What causes the variation in the width of the periodontal ligament?

A

location, function and age.

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6
Q

Is the PL narrower in primary or permanent teeth?

A

permanent

according to health status and function

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7
Q

What type of section is shown?

A

decalcified

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8
Q

How many teeth would be associated with the section shown?

A

2

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9
Q

Name sections A-D

A
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10
Q

What are 4 functions of the periodontal ligament?

A

1) Provision of the tissue attachment between the tooth and alveolar bone. Thus is responsible of tooth support and protection.

2) Responsibility for the mechanism by which the tooth attains and maintains its functional position.

3) Maintenance and repair of cementum and alveolar bone.

4) Neurological control of mastication by its mechanoreceptors.

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11
Q

What are the 3 component of the periodontal ligament?

A
  1. fibres
  2. ground substance
  3. cells
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12
Q

What 2 fibres are found in the periodontal ligament?

A

collagen
oxytalan

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13
Q

What is ground substance?

A

It is transparent, colourless, and fills the spaces between fibres and cells. It actually consists of large molecules called glycosoaminoglycans (GAGs) which link together to form even larger molecules called proteoglycans.

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14
Q

What cells are found in the periodontal ligament?

A

fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoclasts, epithelial cells and immune cells

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15
Q

What is the main fibre in the periodontal ligament?

A

collagen

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16
Q

What is the most abundant type of collagen in the PL?

A

Type I
(70%)

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17
Q

What is the second most abundant type of collagen in the PL?

A

Type III (20%)

18
Q

What are the less abundant types of collagen in the PL?

A

Types V and VI

19
Q

Where are there traces of types IV and VII in the PL?

A

rests of malassez and blood vessels

20
Q

What does collagen form in the PL?

A

principal fibres

21
Q

Compare the attachment of principal fibres with the cementum and the alveolar bone?

A

Principal fibres are more numerous but smaller at their attachment with cementum in comparison to alveolar bone.

22
Q

What are collagen fibres in the principal fibre?

A

Collagen fibrils are subunits within each principal fibre.

23
Q

Name 5 of the principal fibres according to their orientation

A

1) Dentoalveolar crest fibres.
2) Horizontal fibres.
3) Oblique fibres.
4) Apical fibres.
5) Interradicular fibres.

24
Q

Name principal fibres A-D

A
25
Q

Name principal fibres A-E

A
26
Q

What ligament is shown at A?

A
27
Q

What are sharpey’s fibres?

A

Sharpey’s fibres are the collagen fibres inserted into cementum and bone.

28
Q

What course do the principal fibres have?

A

wavy course

29
Q

What is the turnover of collagen like in the PL?

A

Fast turnover of collagen in periodontal ligament.

30
Q

Where is collagen turnover the fastest?

A

root apex

31
Q

Describe Sharpey’s fibres at the cementum?

A

More numerous and smaller at the cemental attachment.

32
Q

What is oxytalan?

A

Immature elastin fibres (pre-elastin).

33
Q

What percent does oxytalan have of the overall PL fibre composition?

A

3%

34
Q

Where do the oxytalan fibres attach to?

A

the cementum

35
Q

Do oxytalan fibres incorporate into bone?

A

rarely

36
Q

What dictates the orientation of the oxytalan fibres?

A

location

37
Q

Where do oxytalan fibres terminate?

A

around blood vessels and nerves

Found mainly around the cervical region, running parallel to collagen fibres

38
Q

Name fibres A and B?

A

A = oxytalan
B = collagen

39
Q

Are oxytalan fibres banded or unbanded?

A

unbanded

40
Q

What is the role of oxytalan fibres?

A

not known

but likely…

Aid in fibroblast migration within the ligament

Role in tooth support

41
Q

What are the rests of malassez?

A

The epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) represent a group of cells in the periodontal ligament classically consisting of latent or quiescent structures associated with pathological processes.

Help repair and maintain homeostasis of the periodontal ligament

42
Q

What is shown in this decalcified section?

A

Rests of malassez

BDS2 Oral Biology - Histology (27 decks)

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