0526 - Musculoskeletal structures in the neck - EG Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur?

A

CIII/IV

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of fascia within the neck?

A

Investing, pre-tracheal, and prevertebral

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3
Q

How is the carotid sheath formed?

A

By the deep layer of the investing fascia

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4
Q

What is found within the carotid sheath?

A

Common/internal carotid aainternal jugular v.vagus n with included fibres from accessory, and parts of IX.

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5
Q

The posterior ligament that runs medially down the neck and is attached superiorly to the occipital crest is?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

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6
Q

Within which fascia of the neck is the oesophagus located?

A

Pre-tracheal fascia

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7
Q

Within which ligament flavum does the vertebral artery pierce?

A

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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8
Q

Which ligaments join adjacent vertebral arches?

A

ligamentum flavum

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9
Q

What specialisation of the anterior longitudinal ligament attaches to the arch of atlas to the base of the skull?

A

The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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10
Q

What ligaments are important in stabilising the atlanto-occipital joint and dens?

A

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (of anterior longitudinal ligament); apical ligament of dens; tectorial membrane (of posterior longitudinal ligament); alar ligament;

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11
Q

What ligaments help to stabilise the dens?

A

transverse ligament of atlas; superior longitudinal band; alar ligament; apical ligament of dens

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12
Q

What happens to the dens in hanging?

A

the weight of the body fractures the dens, forces it through the spinal cord, even into the brainstem (death).

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13
Q

What are the 5 muscle groups of the neck?

A

postvertebral; lateral vertebral; infra-hyoid; sub-occipital; anterior vertebral

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14
Q

List the muscles of the postvertebral muscle group of the neck.

A

splenius; longissimus; semispinals; all of these have two divisions: a cervicus and capitus. lie deep to the trapezius.

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15
Q

List the muscles of the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck.

A

semispinalis capitus; obliquus capitus superior; obliquus capitus inferior; rectus capitus posterior minor; rectus capitus posterior major; splenius capitus

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16
Q

Which muscle group of the neck is involved in reflex turning of the head?

A

sub-occipital

17
Q

Which nerves innervate the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck?

A

C1-3

18
Q

Which joint is involved in nodding “yes”?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

19
Q

Which joint is involved in shaking the head “no”?

A

atlanto-axial joint

20
Q

List the muscles of the anterior group muscles of the neck.

A

Rectus capitus longus; rectus capitus anterior; longus capitus; longus colli

21
Q

List the muscles of the lateral group muscles of the neck.

A

Scalenus anterior; scalenus medius; scalenus posterior; levator scapulae.

22
Q

Which two muscles does the subclavian artery pass through as it superiorly transverses the first rib?

A

scalenus anterior and scalenus medius

23
Q

What are the borders of the subclavian triangle?

A

Laterally bordered by the medial border of scalenus anterior; medially bordered by the lateral border of the longus colli muscle; posterior border of the superior border of the first rib/superior border of clavicle.

24
Q

What is found within the subclavian triangle?

A

The sympathetic trunk - specifically the middle cervical ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion (also known as stellate or cervicothoracic ganglion)

25
Q

List the muscles of the infra-hyoid muscles group of the neck. What cervical nerves innervate them?

A

sternohyoid; omohyoid; sternothyroid; thyrohyoid.Innervated by C1-3.

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

midline of the neck; anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; inferior margin of mandible

27
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; anterior margin of trapezius; clavicle.