0526 - Musculoskeletal structures in the neck - EG Flashcards
At what vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur?
CIII/IV
What are the 3 layers of fascia within the neck?
Investing, pre-tracheal, and prevertebral
How is the carotid sheath formed?
By the deep layer of the investing fascia
What is found within the carotid sheath?
Common/internal carotid aainternal jugular v.vagus n with included fibres from accessory, and parts of IX.
The posterior ligament that runs medially down the neck and is attached superiorly to the occipital crest is?
Ligamentum Nuchae
Within which fascia of the neck is the oesophagus located?
Pre-tracheal fascia
Within which ligament flavum does the vertebral artery pierce?
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
Which ligaments join adjacent vertebral arches?
ligamentum flavum
What specialisation of the anterior longitudinal ligament attaches to the arch of atlas to the base of the skull?
The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
What ligaments are important in stabilising the atlanto-occipital joint and dens?
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (of anterior longitudinal ligament); apical ligament of dens; tectorial membrane (of posterior longitudinal ligament); alar ligament;
What ligaments help to stabilise the dens?
transverse ligament of atlas; superior longitudinal band; alar ligament; apical ligament of dens
What happens to the dens in hanging?
the weight of the body fractures the dens, forces it through the spinal cord, even into the brainstem (death).
What are the 5 muscle groups of the neck?
postvertebral; lateral vertebral; infra-hyoid; sub-occipital; anterior vertebral
List the muscles of the postvertebral muscle group of the neck.
splenius; longissimus; semispinals; all of these have two divisions: a cervicus and capitus. lie deep to the trapezius.
List the muscles of the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck.
semispinalis capitus; obliquus capitus superior; obliquus capitus inferior; rectus capitus posterior minor; rectus capitus posterior major; splenius capitus
Which muscle group of the neck is involved in reflex turning of the head?
sub-occipital
Which nerves innervate the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck?
C1-3
Which joint is involved in nodding “yes”?
atlanto-occipital joint
Which joint is involved in shaking the head “no”?
atlanto-axial joint
List the muscles of the anterior group muscles of the neck.
Rectus capitus longus; rectus capitus anterior; longus capitus; longus colli
List the muscles of the lateral group muscles of the neck.
Scalenus anterior; scalenus medius; scalenus posterior; levator scapulae.
Which two muscles does the subclavian artery pass through as it superiorly transverses the first rib?
scalenus anterior and scalenus medius
What are the borders of the subclavian triangle?
Laterally bordered by the medial border of scalenus anterior; medially bordered by the lateral border of the longus colli muscle; posterior border of the superior border of the first rib/superior border of clavicle.
What is found within the subclavian triangle?
The sympathetic trunk - specifically the middle cervical ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion (also known as stellate or cervicothoracic ganglion)
List the muscles of the infra-hyoid muscles group of the neck. What cervical nerves innervate them?
sternohyoid; omohyoid; sternothyroid; thyrohyoid.Innervated by C1-3.
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
midline of the neck; anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; inferior margin of mandible
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; anterior margin of trapezius; clavicle.
