0430 - Population Genetics - OP Flashcards
What is a base pair
Building blocks of DNA. Nucleotide
What is a gene
The molecular unit of heredity of a living being
What is an Allele
One on a number of alternative forms of the same gene
What is a genetic locus
The specific location of a gene or a DNA sequence on a chromosome
What is a genotype
The genetic makeup of a cell, organism or individual
What is a phenotype
The organisms observable characteristics of traits
What is population genetics
The study of how a population changes over time leading to a species evolving or mutating
What are the factors the affect allele frequency
• Natural selection• Sexual selection• Mutations• Genetic drift• Gene flow
What is the hardy-Weinberg equation
Explain the fixation index
The fixation index is a measure of the difference in allele frequency between two populations.
What are the assumptions of the hardy-weinberg equation
What is negative selection
What is a selective advantage
Explain genetic drift and the founder effect
Genetic drift refers to the change in the frequency of a gene variant due to random sampling.The founder effect refers to the loss of genetic information that occurs when a new population is started by a small number of individuals.
