0224 - Study Design - EG Flashcards
What are the two broad categories of study design?
Observational and Experimental.
What are the two categories of observation study design?
Descriptive and Analytical.
List some examples of descriptive study designs.
Case series and ecological.
List some examples of analytical study designs.
Cross-sectional, case control, and cohort.
Describe case-studies
Individual based investigations with no comparison group. Used to identify potential health problems from which theories and hypotheses for further testing can be formulated.
Describe ecological or correlational studies.
Population based investigations with no comparison group. often done by existing statistical data. Calculate prevalence. Used to identify potential health problems from which theories and hypotheses for further testing can be formulated. Limited by confounding factors
Describe cross-sectional studies.
Calculates prevalence of disease within a defined population. Cannot identify causal relationships. Used to identify potential health problems from which theories and hypotheses for further testing can be formulated. Limited by confounding factors
Describe case-control studies.
Identify cases (persons with disease) and compares this to a comparative control group. Not good for determining prevalence, by can help calculate odds and investigating cause or risks. Good for rare diseases but not diseases from rare exposures.
Describe cohort studies.
A study that begins with people who have a risk factor and follows over time. Can calculate incidence rate and rate ratio.
List the types of study from most relevant to least on the hierarchy of research design.
randomised control trial and meta-analysis, non-randomised control trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, case studies.
