0217 - Basic Measures in Population Health - EG Flashcards
Define prevalence.
The proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease at a specific point or period of time.
Define incidence.
The number of new health-related events in a (defined) population within a specific point of time.
Define cumulative incidence.
The proportion of people who develop disease from those at risk within a specific time period.
Define incidence rate.
A measurement of how quickly people are developing disease. The number of people per unit time.
Define person-time.
the product of time and the numbers of the population who were affected, for example 100 person-years is the same as 100 people followed for 1 year or 50 for 2, 200 for 1/2.
List some factors of disease that increase its prevalence within a population.
long duration, incidence increase, in-migration of cases or persons at risk/susceptible, out-migration of healthy people, improved diagnostics/better reporting/treatment.
List some factors of disease that decrease its prevalence within a population.
shorter duration, high case-fatality, decrease in incidence, in-migration of health people, out migration of cases or persons at risk/susceptible, improved cure rate.
Define mortality rate.
the number of deaths in a given period within the population.
Define survival rate.
proportion of patients still alive from diagnosis to a given period.
Define disability-free life expectancy.
The number of years expected to live without some degree of disability at a given age
Define Quality-adjusted life year
The percent of year lived with quality of life, 1 QALY is a year of live in perfect health.
