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B1 Foundation Block > 0516 - Streptococcus pyogenes - EG > Flashcards

0516 - Streptococcus pyogenes - EG Flashcards

1
Q

Commensal flora tends to inhabit the?

A

skin and mucous membranes

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2
Q

What is the primary difference between resident and transient flora?

A

resident flora inhabits body sites for extended periods of time and re-establishes when disturbed, transient flora only inhabits body sites for short periods.

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3
Q

what are endogenous pathogens?

A

those that are part of the resident or transient normal flora, but become pathogenic under certain conditions.

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4
Q

What are exogenous pathogens?

A

those that are never part of normal or commensal flora, therefore always pathogenic when present. Such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoea

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5
Q

Should normal pathogens be found below the level of the carina?

A

No.

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6
Q

What are normal flora of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Streptoccus, staph, candida

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7
Q

What microbes are part of normal flora of the mouth and teeth? What diseases can they cause?

A

Agents: anaerobes, streptococcus viridans, candidaDiseases caused: gingivitis, tooth abscess, oral thrush

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8
Q

What is a cause of endocarditis?

A

Normal flora such as those from the mouth and teeth disseminating into the blood to the heart.

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9
Q

What are some normal flora of the throat?

A

Strep. pyogenes most common, also S. pneumonia, H. influenza, S. aureus

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10
Q

What can cause bacteraemia or meningitis?

A

Dissemination of normal throat microorganisms, such as S. pneumonia, H. influenza.

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11
Q

What are some properties of bacteria used to classify them as a species?

A

morphology - Gram stain and colony appearancephysiology - environmental conditions under which growMetabolic activities - substrates utilised and by-products produced.

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12
Q

How does Strep. pneumonia grow differently to Strep. viridians as seen in gram stain?

A

Strep. pneumonia tends to appear as diplococcic, compared to Strep. viridans as cocci in chains.

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13
Q

How are bacteria classified in accordance to there growth in oxygen?

A

Aerobe - requires oxygenAnaerobe - grows without oxygenstrict anaerobe - will die in the presence of oxygenobligate anaerobe - will grow in a small amount of oxygenFacultative anaerobe - grows either in/out of presence of oxygen

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14
Q

What species of Streptococcus are beta haemolytic?

A

pyogenes and agalactiae

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15
Q

What species of Streptococcus are alpha haemolytic?

A

virdans and pneumoniea

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16
Q

What streptococcus species are gamma haemolytic? What is another species (not Strep.) that is gamma haemolytic?

A

bovis and some viridans.Enterococcus

17
Q

What is the species known as Group A Strep?

A

pyogenes

18
Q

What is the species known as Group B Strep?What is a common disease caused by it?

A

agalactiae.Neonatal sepsis

19
Q

What is the species known as Group C and G Strep?What is a common disease caused by it?

A

dysgalactiaepharyngitis, cellulitis

20
Q

What is the species known as Group D Strep?What is a common disease caused by it?

A

bovisbacteraemia, endocarditis

21
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

22
Q

What is the most common cause of abscess formation?

A

Strep. milleri.

23
Q

What is the most common cause of dental caries?

A

Strep. viridans

24
Q

Where are enterococcus species predominantly found?

A

In the bowel.

25
Q

what does pyus stand for?

A

Pus

26
Q

Where is strep. pyogenes predominantly found?

A

throat and skin

27
Q

What are 5 virulence factors of bacterial pathogens?

A

adhesinsinvasinsimpedinsaggressinsmodulins

28
Q

Bacteria can be classified according to the temperature they grow best in. What are microorganisms that grow between 14-45 degrees Celsius known as?

A

mesophiles

29
Q

What are the main adhesins of S. pyogenes?

A

proteins, lipoteichoic acid

30
Q

In the strep. pyogenes strains that have a capsule, what is it made of and what function does this enable?

A

hyaluronic acid, resembles hose so aids to hide from immune response. Also aids hiding PAMPs, such as peptidoglycans and lipotechoic acid.

31
Q

How does the M-protein of Strep. pyogenes act as a virulence factor?

A

Both as an adhesion and a impedin.Inhibits complement activation.

32
Q

What are the functions of the S. pyogenes aggressins?

A

destroy tissue to enable bacteria to spread

33
Q

What are the aggressins that are used in diagnosing S.pyogenes infection?

A

Antibodies are made against the DNAses and can be used to detect infection. Streptolysins O.

34
Q

What are the main infections associated with S. pyogenes? What diseases are as a result from its exotoxins? What diseases result post-infection?

A

pharyngitis, skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, ), bacteraemia.Exotoxins: Scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, necrotising fasciitis.Post-infection: glomerulonephritis, Rheumatic fever.

35
Q

Cellulitis can not only be caused by strep. What are some other causes?

A

animal bites, water exposure, longstanding skin ulcers, trauma.

36
Q

What are the effects of super antigens?

A

Normal antigens do not elicit a vast T cell response, whereas super antigens activate a greater amount of T cells, resulting in the production of a massive amount of cytokine that results in extreme vasodilation, hypertension, and eventual organ failure/

37
Q

What is the cause of S.Pyogene related glomerulonephritis?

A

Antigen-antibody complexes lodge in the glomeruli of the kidneys, resulting in inflammation. Can lead to kidney failure

38
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind rheumatic fever?

A

M protein mimics heart muscle, such that M protein antibodies cross-react with and damage heart.

B1 Foundation Block (112 decks)

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