05.07 - Reg of Body Fluid (Rao) - PP, LG, No reading, Not watched

Question 1

What percent of filtered load of Na is reabsorbed in LOF? DCT/CD?

Answer 1

28%, 7%

Question 1

What increases ANP

Answer 1

Atrial Stretch; Plasma Pna increase

Question 2

Renal Na excretory system responds __ to changes in Na input

Answer 2

Relatively slowly

Question 3

ECFV =

Answer 3

(Amount of ECF Na) / Pna

Question 3

What ion is lost in diarrhea

Answer 3

HCO3

Question 3

Where are Neural Stretch Receptors

Answer 3

In large veins

Question 3

Response to increases in arterial pressure on urinary Na excretion in Isolate Kidney scenario

Answer 3

2-3 fold increase in Na output by 30-50 mmHg change in arterial pressure

Question 4

Effect of changes in pressure on Na excretion in Isolated Kidney vs Intact System

Answer 4

Takes very large increase in pressure in isolated kidney, but only a very small increase in pressure in intact system

Question 6

Change in BW over short period indicates

Answer 6

Change in Na balance

Question 7

3 Actions of ANP

Answer 7

(1) Dilation of Aff, Constriction of Eff - Inc GFR; (2) Inhibit Aldo secretion; (3) Inhibit Na channel phosphorylation in DT/CD

Question 8

How do burn patients get edema

Answer 8

Inc Endothelial permeability -> Flux of Albumin and Fluid into ISF

Question 8

Effect of ANP on Afferent and Efferent Arterioles

Answer 8

NPR1 causes dilation of Afferent, but constriction of Efferent -> Inc GFR

Question 8

Primary Diabetes Insipidus is associated with low plasma

Answer 8

ADH level

Question 9

ECFV is directly proportional to

Answer 9

Total Body Na content

Question 10

How do ECF, Sympathetic, Renal Arterial BP affect Renin release

Answer 10

Decreased ECFV, Increased Sympathetic firing, Decreased Renal Arterial BP all increase Renin release from JG Cells

Question 12

Pna =

Answer 12

(Amount of ECF Na) / ECFV

Question 13

At constant Pna, ECFV = ____

Answer 13

Amount of ECF Na+

Question 14

How long does it take to restore water balance after drinking 1 L pure water (change in plasma osmolarity)

Answer 14

1-2 hours

Question 15

Timeframe of Aldosterone effect on Na reabsorption

Answer 15

Slow, not likely to play a role in rapid regulation of Na excretion

Question 15

How is Aldosterone release affected by K, Angiotensin, and Na

Answer 15

Release stimulated by plasma K and Angiotensin; Inhibited by plasma Na

Question 16

How do changes in GFR affect Na excretion

Answer 16

Increase in GFR increases Filtered Load and amount of Na excreted

Question 17

ANP has exact opposite effect of

Answer 17

Aldosterone

Question 18

3 causes of Na imbalance

Answer 18

Diarrhea, Excessive Sweating, Diuretics

Question 18

Change in ECFV in response to Na intake is also

Answer 18

Slow

Question 19

Receptors for ANP

Answer 19

NPR1/2 - Guanylate Cyclase cGMP mechanism

Question 21

How does natriuetic hormone affect Na reabsorption

Answer 21

Decreases reabsorption -\> Promotes excetion of Na and H20

Question 22

3 Major "Hypovolemic Hormones"

Answer 22

AVP, Renin, NE

Question 23

PV determines mean circulatory filling pressure, and therefore \_\_

Answer 23

CO

Question 24

Effect of Ouabain like factor

Answer 24

Diuresis and Natriuresis

Question 25

Nephrongenic Diabetes Insipidus is associated with elevated

Answer 25

Plasma ADH

Question 27

What does the difference in effect of arterial pressure on Na excretion in Isolated vs Intact systems suggest?

Answer 27

Pressure natriuresis is synergized with reduced formation of renin, ang 2, and aldosterone

Question 28

How does ANP decrease Na reabsorption

Answer 28

In DCT via NCC; In CD via cGMP-mediated ENaC phosphorylation

Question 30

Timeframe of balance restoration after ingestion of water vs isotonic saline

Answer 30

Water changes osmolarity, 1-2 hours corrected; Isotonic saline increases total Na, 2-4 days corrected

Question 32

Is sweat isotonic?

Answer 32

No

Question 34

Is vomit isotonic?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 36

Change in Pna occurs only when

Answer 36

Gain or Loss of Na exceeds thirst mechanism and kidney's ability to correct

Question 37

Activation of Arterial Baroreceptors --\>

Answer 37

Pituitary --\> AVP

Question 38

Auscultation signs of edema

Answer 38

S3, Pulmonary Edema

Question 39

How does Angiotensin 2 Increase Na Reabsorption

Answer 39

Proximal Na:H exchanger

Question 41

Edema requires ECF increase of

Answer 41

2.3-3 L

Question 41

Normal Blood Volume? Volume that causes Edema? Death?

Answer 41

15, 20-25, 10-12

Question 42

Atrial Stretch Receptor Activation --\>

Answer 42

Signal via Vagus -\> Sympathetic to kidneys, ANP, decreased AVP?

Question 43

Activation of Neural Stretch Receptors in Large Veins --\>

Answer 43

Signals Pituitary to regulate AVP --\> NK2C channels in ThickAL

Question 44

2 Effects of NE

Answer 44

(1) Inc Aff and Eff arteriolar tone -\> Dec GFR; (2) Inc Na, H20 reabsorption by proximal tubule

Question 45

Direct effect of Angiotensin II

Answer 45

Inc Na, H2O reabsorption by proximal tubule

Question 46

How long does it take to restore balance after 1 L of isotonic saline ingested

Answer 46

2-4 days

Question 47

More severe increase in ECFV causes

Answer 47

Pulmonary Edema