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Renal > 05.07 - Loop, DT, CD (Rao) - PP, LG, No reading, Not watched > Flashcards

05.07 - Loop, DT, CD (Rao) - PP, LG, No reading, Not watched Flashcards

1
Q

What is driving force for NaCl reabsorption in ThinAL

A

Osmotic Gradient

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1
Q

Why is Cl reabsorbed in DCT/CD

A

Na reabsorption is greater than K secretion, therefore Cl is reabsorbed

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1
Q

What drives Bicarb/Cl exchanger in DCT/CD

A

Increase in intracellular Bicarb

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2
Q

Which has bicarb channel in luminal membrane: alpha or beta intercalate

A

Beta

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3
Q

Under high acidosis conditions, DCT/CD cells express new

A

H transporter: H-K ATPase or Proton Pump

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5
Q

Permeability of TDL to NaCl, Urea, Water

A

Minimal for NaCl and Urea, Highly permeable to water

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5
Q

Active transport in Thin Ascending and Thin Descending Limbs

A

None

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5
Q

Liddle’s Syndrome is characterized by

A

Increase Na reabsorption and K secretion

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6
Q

How does Aldosterone increase Na reabsorption

A

(1) Increases number of luminal Na channels; (2) Increases basolateral Na/K; (3) Increases ATP synthesis

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7
Q

On which parts of nephron does Aldosterone act

A

DCT/CD

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8
Q

How does Na reabsorption affect K secretion in DCT/CD

A

Decrease Na reabsorption results in higher lumen-negative transepithelial voltage = K secretion

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9
Q

% of filtered load received by DCT/CD of Water, NaCl, KCl, and Urea

A

10%, less than 10, less than 10, 50

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10
Q

Where is the Na-Cl transporter present

A

Only in DCT

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10
Q

What is Conn’s Syndrome

A

Aldosterone secreting tumore

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11
Q

Amiloride and Triamterene block

A

Electrically conductive Na channels

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11
Q

How does Aldosterone affect K

A

Increases secretion in DCT/CD

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11
Q

What is Addison’s disease

A

Complete absence of Aldosterone

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12
Q

How does plasma Ang 2 affect Aldosterone secretion

A

Low plasma AngII Decreases Aldosterone secretion

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13
Q

Where is the electrically conductive Na channel present

A

In both DCT and CD

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13
Q

Which has proton channel in luminal membrane: alpha or beta intercalated

A

Alpha

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14
Q

Electrical acivity of electrically conductive Na channel

A

Makes lumen more negative; Membrane is depolarized

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16
Q

ADH stimulates what in ThickAL

A

Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (and thus reabsorption of Na)

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17
Q

Aldosterone increases what 3 channels

A

(1) Na/K ATPase; (2) Luminal K; (3) Lumina Na

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18
Q

What do Thiazide diuretics block

A

Na-Cl cotransporter

19
Q

NaCl reabsorption in ThinAL

A

Strong: 2/3 received volume

20
Q

What blocks Na-K-2Cl cotransporter

A

Loops

21
Q

Major luminal transporter in ThickAL

A

Na-K-2Cl

22
Q

Which cell type exchanges Na and K

A

Principal Cells

24
Q

Osmolarity change in ThinAL

A

Drops due to loss of NaCl

24
Q

Epithelial cells in ThickAL

A

Thick, many mitochondria

25
Q

Epithelial cells in ThinAL

A

Thin, few mitochondria

26
Q

How does plasma K affect Aldosterone secretion

A

Increased plasma K increases Aldosterone secretion

28
Q

___ increases flow and Na output into distal tubule, therefore, ___

A

Loop diuretics, Increase K secretion

29
Q

Which cell type exchanges H+ and Bicarb

A

Alpha-Intercalated

30
Q

2 Regulatory factors of K secretion in DCT/CD

A

Increased flow by diuretics inc. K secretion; Decreased Na reabsorption (diuretics) results in higher lumen-negative transepithelial charge

32
Q

Maximum of 1200 mOsm is due to what components

A

600 mOsm Urea, 600 mOsm NaCl

33
Q

How is switch of H-ATPase and HCO3-Cl exchanger achieved

A

Activation of two types of intercalated cells

34
Q

Where do Furosemide and Bumetanide act

A

Cl site in N-K-2Cl cotranspoter in ThickAL

35
Q

How do plasma ACTH levels affect Aldosterone secretion

A

Low plasma ACTH levels decrease Aldosterone secretion

37
Q

What stimulates Na-K-2Cl cotransporter

A

ADH

39
Q

3 other channels in ThickAL besides Na-K-2Cl and Na-K

A

Basolateral Cl channel (reabsorb); Basolateral K-Cl cotransporter (reabsorb); Apical K (secrete)

40
Q

How is Bicarb reabsorbed in DCT/CD

A

Bicarb/Cl exchanger

41
Q

How is H+ secreted into lumen in DCT/CD

A

Active transport (against high gradient)

43
Q

___ prevent membrane depolarization; no increase in ___

A

Amilorides, K secretion

44
Q

How does increased flow to DT/CD affect K secretion

A

Increases

45
Q

2 transport mechanisms for Na reabsorption in DCT/CD

A

Electrically conductive Na channels; Na-Cl cotransporter

47
Q

Net result of DCT/CD action if impermeable to water

A

Dilution of Urine

48
Q

3 Manifestations of Conn’s Syndrome

A

Hypokalemia, Hypernatremia, HTN

49
Q

Under Alkalosis conditions, what channels switch directionality

A

H-ATPase and HCO3-Cl exchanger

50
Q

2 differences between H+ secretion in proximal vs distal

A

In distal, H+ is secreted against high gradient actively; Also, distal epithelium is impermeant to diffusion

51
Q

What does Addison’s disease tell us about Na reabsorption and K secretion

A

Not entirely dependent on Aldosterone

52
Q

___ block electro-neutral Na transport, without ___

A

Thiazides, affecting membrane depolarization

53
Q

What generates H+ in DCT/CD

A

Cellular Carbonic Anhydrase

54
Q

What blocks the Na-Cl cotransporter

A

Thiazide Diuretics

55
Q

What blocks the electrically conductive Na channels

A

Amiloride, Triamterene

56
Q

Reabsorption/Secretion of Na, K, Cl in DCT/CD

A

Na actively reabsorbed, K is secreted, Cl is reabsorbed

57
Q

Permeability of TAL to NaCl, Urea, Water

A

Extremebly water impermeable, Impermeable to Urea, Permeable to NaCl

58
Q

Driving force for Na-K-2Cl transporter

A

Na electrochemical gradient (set up by Na-K ATPase)

Renal (31 decks)

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